organisms Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecalis were spot-inoculated on a bile esculin agar plate. The bile esculin agar plate is a both selective and differential medium contains primarily esculin. The plate was then inverted and incubated at 37 oC for 24 hours. Bile salts‚ the selective agent‚ can allow only Enterococcus and group d streptococcus to hydrolyse esculin in the presence of bile salts‚ and inhibit growth of other gram positive organisms. Ferric citrate is an indicator. When the hydrolytic
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hydroxide (purchased from HiMedia Private Ltd.) (40 ml 0.05M) was slowly added in zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (purchased from Merck India Ltd.) solution (100 ml 0.01M) prepared in methanol-water (1:1) at 5 oC temperature. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour followed by reflux at 100 oC for 24 hours. The resultant solid-solution was centrifuged‚ washed with ammonium nitrate (purchased from Merck India Ltd.)‚ distilled water and ethanol (purchased from Merck India Ltd.) followed by drying
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Thermal Energy Equipment: Furnaces and Refractories FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 2. TYPES OF FURNACES‚ REFRACTORIES AND INSULATION ................. 5 3. ASSESSMENT OF FURNACES ................................................................................. 18 4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITES .......................................................... 27 5. OPTIONS
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Introduction ESTERS are compounds derived from the reaction of a organic acid with an alcohol. Acid + Phenol/alcohol --> ester + water R--C=O + R’--OH ----> R--C=O + H2O | | C-OH C-O-R’ Esters are the compounds that give fruits their characteristic flavours and odours. ie. methyl salycilate is "Oil of Wintergreen". http://www.petrik.com/PUBLIC/library/misc/glossary_of_org_chem.htm#ESTERS Aim To synthesise the ester 3-methylbutyl ethanoate( isopentyl acetate) and to identify the product
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Materials:1). 0.02 mol dm-3 Potassium Manganate2). 0.2 mol dm-3 Glucose3). 2 mol dm-3 Sulphuric Acid4). 50 cm3 Burette5). 250 cm3 Beaker6). Measuring Cylinder7). Thermometer (-10 to 110 oC)Hypothesis:By adding glucose to a solution of KMnO4 and H2SO4‚ the solution will turn colourless and it will take a specific time for the reaction to complete. By increasing the temperature‚ the time it takes (the rate) for the solution to completely change to colourless will be increased. Thus it can be said‚
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prepare Co(salen). Using Co(salen) the oxygen up-take was tested. The synthesis of SalenH2 produced 0.65 g. The percent yield of salenH2 was 116% on the filter paper and 105% after transferring salenH2 to a vial. The melting point of salenH2‚ was 128 oC. The color of salenH2 was yellow. This was all expected from salenH2. The synthesis of Co(salen) produced 0.232 g. The percent yield of Co(salen) was 88.22% on the filter paper and 86.1 % after transferring the Co(salen) to a vial. Co(salen) was red
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temperatures of its inner surface for a day during which the room is maintained at 20oC while the temperature of the outdoors is -10oC. Take the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 = 10 W/m2.oC and h2 = 40 W/m2.oC‚ which includes the effects of radiation. 3.A steam at T∞1=320oC flows in a cast iron pipe (k=80 W/m.K) whose inner and outer diameters are D1=5 cm and D2=5.5 cm‚ respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm thick glass wool insulation with
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Óåðôåìâñßïõ äýï åêðáéäåõôéêÜ óåìéíÜñéá ãéá ôéò êáèçãÞôñéåò Áããëéêþí óôï 2ï ÃõìíÜóéï ÊáëáìáñéÜò êáé óôï 11ï Ãåíéêü Ëýêåéï Èåóóáëïíßêçò. Ôá óåìéíÜñéá ðåñéåëÜìâáíáí åéóçãÞóåéò ãéá ôç Äéáèåìáôéêüôçôá‚ ôç ÂéùìáôéêÞ êáé ôç ÓõíåñãáôéêÞ ìÜèçóç‚ ôï ñüëï ðïõ êáëïýíôáé íá äéáäñáìáôßóïõí óôçí Åêðáßäåõóç ôá ÐïëéôéóôéêÜ ÐñïãñÜììáôá êáé ôç óõìâïëÞ ôïõò óôçí áðïôåëåóìáôéêüôåñç äéäáóêáëßá ôçò ÁããëéêÞò Ãëþóóáò. ÕðÞñîå ðáñïõóßáóç Ðïëéôéóôéêþí ÐñïãñáììÜôùí ðïõ Ý÷ïõí õëïðïéçèåß áðü åêðáéäåõôéêïýò ÁããëéêÞò Ãëþóóáò êáé ìáèçôÝò
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solution. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and the precipitate was poured into the 50 ml auto clave vessel using Millipore water. The solution was aged homogeneously at 160 oC for 12h. After that the solutions was centrifuged at 8000 rpm and washed many times using DD water with ethanol. The final products are dried at 60 oC in hot
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The effect of temperature on a reaction rate In this experiment I shall be investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction Rates of reaction The Factors that affect the rate of reaction are temperature‚ surface area‚ concentration‚ catalysts‚ light and pressure Surface area – Surface area is the amount of solid surface that is available for reaction - Only affects solids so this will not affect our
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