Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane from 1-Butanol Reference: Discovering Organic Chemistry in the Laboratory; John R. Ganson Ph. D‚ Revised 2011 by Alfredo Mellace Ph. D www.Aldrich.com Purpose: To synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol via SN2 reaction. Alcohols are converted into the alkyl halides adding an aqueous solution sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting the OH functional group of butanol‚ to a better leaving group. In order for this reaction to synthesis 1-Bromobutane
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Introduction In the amylase lab‚ it was being tested if amylase‚ an enzyme found in saliva‚ would be denatured by being put in an acid or high temperatures. This lab is about denaturing amylase. It is tested by exposing it to pH and temperature changes. It is then mixed with Benedict’s solution‚ is a solution that changes color from blue to reddish brown when maltose is present. Amylase breaks starch into maltose‚ so is the amylase isn’t denatured‚ it should change colors. Amylase is an enzyme
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concentrations of peroxidase and its reaction rate in seconds‚ we were able to see that as the amount of enzyme increased the catalytic reaction also increased. The optimal amount of peroxidase concentration to be used in the subsequent experiments was determined to be 1.0 mL. Any amount above this would have caused the rate of absorbance to be too fast‚ making it too difficult to get accurate readings. Any amount below this would not have produced a reaction “at an appreciable rate.” (Dolphin
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Piumbroeck Chem 214 Acid-Base Titration‚ Determination of Carbonate and Bicarbonate in a water sample Introduction The purpose of this lab is to determine the concentration of two bases‚ carbonate and bicarbonate‚ by using a potentiometric titration. We can determine the concentration of the bases in the reactions ( H+ +CO3- < ==> HCO3- and H+ + HCO3- < ==> H2CO3-) by the way the pH of the solution changes. The way the pH changes when a strong acid is added can be used to
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The objective of this macromolecules lab was to identify the presence any of the major macromolecules in various every day food items. The three macromolecules that this lab was carried out for were carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and proteins. There were five different experiments conducted and each of those experiments had one factor in common‚ they all had the same controls. The controls in this lab activity were already set for the lab activity. The controls were the distilled water and the baking soda
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Thermodynamics- Enthalpy of Reaction and Hess’s Law December 5‚ 2011 Kylie Case‚ Emma McKee‚ Rebecca Smith Purpose: In this lab‚ the purpose was to verify Hess’s Law. Theory: Four main topics were covered during this experiment including enthalpy of reaction‚ heat of formation‚ Hess’s Law‚ and calorimetry. The first being enthalpy of reaction‚ ΔHrxn‚ which is the heat or enthalpy change for a chemical reaction. The energy change is equal to the amount of heat transferred at a constant
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Percent Acetic Acid in Vinegar Introduction: Acetic acid is reactive when combined with calcium carbonate. In this lab‚ we will use vinegar for its acetic acid and egg shells for their calcium carbonate. Marketable vinegar differs in its acetic acid concentration from 4-6%. Calcium carbonate reacts with the acetic acid in vinegar to produce carbon dioxide‚ water‚ and calcium acetate as represented by the equation: CaCO3 + 2HC2H3O2 CO2 + H2O + Ca(C2H3O2)2. The calcium carbonate reacts with
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Titration of a Weak Acid Introduction: We will be using the LoggerPro and LabPro in order to help us determine our data. The purpose of this experiment is to follow the changes of pH during the titration of an acid and a base in order to determine the of the weak acid‚ . is a constant for a given acid at a given temperature. In this experiment we determined the Ka using two different methods: 1) the measurement of the pH of a solution containing a known concentration of a weak acid‚ and 2) measurement
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The purpose of this lab is to determine the rate of reaction under different circumstances. Different variables will be manipulated to discover their effects on a particular reaction. Changes in temperature‚ pH‚ and enzyme concentration are examples of factors that have the potential to affect the initial rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction in a controlled experiment‚ whether it be speeding the reaction up or slowing it down. Part I of the experiment establishes a baseline that can be used to compare
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Properties and Reactions of Hydrocarbons Abstract The goal of experiment 1 was to determine the properties and reactions of hydrocarbons. This was achieved by testing solubility and observing the effects of different interactions between solvents and isooctane. Overall procedures involved mixing 9 different solvents with isooctane and observing solubility with the naked eye. It was concluded that 5 of the combinations proved soluble‚ 2 completely insoluble‚ and 2 were insoluble at room temperature
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