Cyclohexane And Isooctane Lab Report
Properties and Reactions of Hydrocarbons
Abstract
The goal of experiment 1 was to determine the properties and reactions of hydrocarbons. This was achieved by testing solubility and observing the effects of different interactions between solvents and isooctane. Overall procedures involved mixing 9 different solvents with isooctane and observing solubility with the naked eye. It was concluded that 5 of the combinations proved soluble, 2 completely insoluble, and 2 were insoluble at room temperature but soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes, which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar.
Introduction …show more content…
In part one of the experiment, 9 solvents were placed in sample vials in 1 mL increments.
Solvents used were water, methanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. Then added to the vials was 0.5 mL of isooctane in each one. The vials were then swirled and observed to determine solubility. In part two of the experiment, 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added into two sample vials, and 0.5 mL of cyclohexane was added to one, and 0.5 mL of cyclohexene was added to the other, and they were both swirled to observe reactivity. Part three of the experiment involved placing 1 mL of dichloromethane in each of five sample vials followed by adding 5 drops each of cyclohexene, toluene, beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene to the vials and swirling each until dissolved. Then bromine solution was added to each vial and
observed.
Experimental Section
Part one of the experiment consisted of obtaining a vial stand and placing 1 mL of water, methanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane one each into 9 vials. Proceeded by this was adding 0.5mL each of isooctane to the 9 vials and swirling to determine solubility. When ethylene glycol, acetone, methanol, and water proved insoluble, a hair dryer was used to apply heat and determine if these mixtures were soluble at a slightly higher temperature. Part two of the experiment involved placing 0.5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into each of two sample vials. After adding 0.5mL of cyclohexane and 0.5mL of cyclohexene to each of the two vials, they were swirled and observed to determine reactivity. Part three of the experiment consisted of placing 1 mL of dichloromethane into each of five sample vials and then adding drops of cyclohexene, toluene, beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene, and stirring until each were fully dissolved.
Results Part one of the experiment’s results proved solubility of isooctane in toluene, n-butanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. Isooctane was insoluble however in ethylene glycol and water at any temperature. Isooctane was partially soluble in acetone at room temperature but completely soluble when heated, and isooctane was insoluble in methanol at room temperature but soluble when heated as well. Part two of the experiment’s results displayed that cyclohexane was non reactive with sulfuric acid, but cyclohexene’s reaction with sulfuric acid resulted in a change in color, and an increase in temperature with a smoke released. Part three of the experiment resulted in bromine changing the color of the dichloromethane and toluene mixture and the dichloromethane and cyclohexexe mixture but no observable difference when bromine was added to beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene.
Abstract
The goal of experiment 1 was to determine the properties and reactions of hydrocarbons. This was achieved by testing solubility and observing the effects of different interactions between solvents and isooctane. Overall procedures involved mixing 9 different solvents with isooctane and observing solubility with the naked eye. It was concluded that 5 of the combinations proved soluble, 2 completely insoluble, and 2 were insoluble at room temperature but soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes, which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar.
Introduction …show more content…
In part one of the experiment, 9 solvents were placed in sample vials in 1 mL increments.
Solvents used were water, methanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. Then added to the vials was 0.5 mL of isooctane in each one. The vials were then swirled and observed to determine solubility. In part two of the experiment, 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added into two sample vials, and 0.5 mL of cyclohexane was added to one, and 0.5 mL of cyclohexene was added to the other, and they were both swirled to observe reactivity. Part three of the experiment involved placing 1 mL of dichloromethane in each of five sample vials followed by adding 5 drops each of cyclohexene, toluene, beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene to the vials and swirling each until dissolved. Then bromine solution was added to each vial and
observed.
Experimental Section
Part one of the experiment consisted of obtaining a vial stand and placing 1 mL of water, methanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane one each into 9 vials. Proceeded by this was adding 0.5mL each of isooctane to the 9 vials and swirling to determine solubility. When ethylene glycol, acetone, methanol, and water proved insoluble, a hair dryer was used to apply heat and determine if these mixtures were soluble at a slightly higher temperature. Part two of the experiment involved placing 0.5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into each of two sample vials. After adding 0.5mL of cyclohexane and 0.5mL of cyclohexene to each of the two vials, they were swirled and observed to determine reactivity. Part three of the experiment consisted of placing 1 mL of dichloromethane into each of five sample vials and then adding drops of cyclohexene, toluene, beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene, and stirring until each were fully dissolved.
Results Part one of the experiment’s results proved solubility of isooctane in toluene, n-butanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. Isooctane was insoluble however in ethylene glycol and water at any temperature. Isooctane was partially soluble in acetone at room temperature but completely soluble when heated, and isooctane was insoluble in methanol at room temperature but soluble when heated as well. Part two of the experiment’s results displayed that cyclohexane was non reactive with sulfuric acid, but cyclohexene’s reaction with sulfuric acid resulted in a change in color, and an increase in temperature with a smoke released. Part three of the experiment resulted in bromine changing the color of the dichloromethane and toluene mixture and the dichloromethane and cyclohexexe mixture but no observable difference when bromine was added to beta-pinene, camphene, and trans-stilbene.