SCH4U0 The Energy of Physical‚ Chemical‚ & Nuclear Processes The study of energy and energy transfer is known as thermodynamics. When this study of energy transfer is specific to energy involved in chemical reactions it is called thermochemistry. Studying Energy Changes The Law of Conservation of Energy states that the total energy of the universe is constant. (Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. [pic] Energy can be transferred from one substance to another‚ and it can also
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Experiment 3: Resonance Energy of Naphthalene by Bomb Calorimetry Cameron Fowler CHEM 457: Lab Section 4 Submitted: 11/4/10 Lab Group #3: Michael Hyle Neil Baranik Tim Riley Abstract: The enthalpy of combustion of naphthalene was experimentally determined to be -5030.44 ± 78.98 kJ/mol which was a 2.5% error from the literature value of -5160 ± 20 kJ/mol.2 The theoretical enthalpy of combustion of solid naphthalene was calculated to be -6862.68 kJ/mol using bond energies for the gaseous
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Experiment 1 The Heat Capacity Ratio of Gases Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the heat capacity ratio of gases‚ Helium‚ Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide‚ and compare with their theoretical values. Introduction Thermodynamics is the study of heat as it relates to energy and work. There are various properties which all relate to each other when determining the characteristic of a certain substance. One of such properties is heat capacity‚ which is the amount of heat energy
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HOT MECHANICAL WORKING 1. Ingost slow to solidify (Ingost can’t be used for engineering purpose) 2.Its structure is disorderly‚course and inhomogeneous chemistry and impurities. 3.Therefore ductility is poor and highly stressed. 4.The stresses are sufficient to repture if sudden temperature stress are induced. Reasons for hot working : 1. Reconstruction and refinement of crystalline structure. 2. Fragmented and arranged in a desired direction. 3. Section is reduced to a desired
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Matthew Irwin – H00101376 Process Intensification – B51GD Esterification and Polymerisation in PET production Process Overview Polyethylene terephthalate is a polymer with broad applications worldwide‚ and one of the most produced polymers manufactured globally each year. It main application is the bottling industry where approximately 14.7 Mt in 2009. PET resin is produced conventionally in a two - step process displayed in figure 1.9. The first stage is the esterification of Terephthalic acid
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Abstract The aim of this experiment is to determine the heat of combustion for naphthalene. This is the some basic bomb procedures. In this experiment‚ we us naphthalene as a fuel in bomb calorimeter which naphthalene powder is turned to pellet using pellet press. The fuel is burnt at constant volume condition in a high pressure container (the bomb). The whole bomb‚ pressurized with excess of oxygen. The mass of iron wire‚ ma =0.02g. The mass of naphthalene pellet with iron wire‚ mb =0.38g. The
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determine the vapour pressure curve. Introduction Properties of a fluid can change when heat and work are applied to it. There’s an interchange between the fluid and its surroundings when heat and work are applied according to the study of thermodynamics. Substances such as gases and vapors are often referred as P-V-T substances. Theory: An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that the pressure‚ specific volume or density‚ and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant
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Water‚ Molar mass Triple Point The temperature and pressure at which solid‚ liquid‚ and gaseous water coexist in equilibrium is called the triple point of water. This point is used to define the units of temperature (the kelvin‚ the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature and‚ indirectly‚ the degree Celsius and even the degree Fahrenheit). As a consequence‚ water’s triple point temperature is a prescribed value rather than a measured quantity. The triple point is at a temperature of 273.16 K (0.01
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Activity 33 PS-2826 Latent Heat of Fusion Thermodynamics: phase change‚ latent heat of fusion‚ melting Qty 1 1 1 1 1L 0.5 L 1 Equipment and Materials PASPORT Xplorer GLX Fast-Response Temperature Probe (included with GLX) Basic Calorimetry Set (1 calorimeter cup) Balance Water‚ about 15 degrees warmer than room temperature Ice‚ crushed Towel Part Number PS-2002 PS-2135 TD-8557 SE-8723 Purpose The purpose of this activity is to determine the amount of thermal energy needed to change a specific
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the average heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter was calculated to be 10.60.3205 kJ/K. From that‚ the These results show that heats of combustions of unknown substances can be determined via bomb calorimetry. Introduction The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved.2 Using that law it can be said that the change in the internal energy of a system () depends on the heat added (q) to the system and the work (w) done by the system.2 Equation 1 illustrates the relationship between
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