without any family history‚ but are likely to have other autoimmune diseases within some family members. Diagnosing Lupus is very difficult. There is no single test that can determine if a person has Lupus or not. II. Controllable and Uncontrollable Risk Factors Uncontrollable III. Roles the Immune system plays in Recovery & Prevention IV. Reliable Community and Web Resources -Lupus Foundation of America---www.lupus.org Leading non-profit voluntary health organization -The Bridge
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Origins All types of businesses‚ whether service‚ manufacturing or trading‚ require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution‚ when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age‚
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IMPACT OF COST ACCOUNTING ON FINANCIAL DECISION INTRODUCTION In the modern business world‚ the nature and functioning of business organizations have become very complicated. They have to serve the needs of variety of parties who are interested in the functioning of the business. These parties constitute the owners‚ creditors‚ employees‚ government agencies‚ tax authorities‚ prospective investors‚ and last but not the least the management of the business. The business has to serve the needs
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estimation | Fixed cost vs. variable cost | Traceability | Costs assignment | Direct cost vs. indirect cost | Function | Cost determination | Manufacturing cost vs. non-manufacturing cost | Controllability | Performance evaluation | Controllable cost vs. uncontrollable cost | * Traceability: the ability to trace in an economically feasible way by means of a cause and effect relationship * Tracing: is the actual assignment of costs to a cost object using an observable measure of the resources
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A budget that is prepared by higher levels of management and then communicated to lower levels of management. (2 marks) 3 In the last year a division’s controllable return on investment was 25% and its controllable profit was $80‚000. The cost of finance appropriate to the division was 18% per annum. What was the division’s controllable residual income in the last year? A B C d $5‚600 $22‚400 $74‚400 $76‚400 $80‚000 × (0.25 – 0.18) $80‚000 – ($80‚000 ÷ 0.25 × 0.18) $80‚000 – ($80‚000 × (0.25
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product of SMU2 is Product MP and its special orders‚ which are relatively dense and bulky. This allocation method makes SMU2 seems less profitable. Fine Foods evaluate the performance of SMUs based on operating profit‚ which includes several uncontrollable cost elements in the calculation. Hence‚ operating profit cannot reflect the true performance of each SMU. Recommendations: Allocate indirect costs based on number of unit sold instead of weight of product sold Use CM1 and CM2 as the primary evaluation
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17 Session 4: Forecasting Methods and techniques 27 Session 5: Standard Costing and variance analysis 39 Session 6: Investigating and reporting variances 53 Session 7: Performance indicators 67 Session 8: Budget Preparation 79 Session 9: Budgetary control and responsibility accounting 101 Appendix : Alternative approaches to variances 107 KAPLAN PUBLISHING 3 iii iv KAPLAN PUBLISHING INTRODUCTION Principles of Budgeting
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to create detailed budgets to give me projections and to know what is impacting the facility. Establishing each departments workload will show me volume and it will help me identify controllable expenses. Then‚ I will have to integrate volume planning and revenue planning to have a more exactly knowledge of variances. Once you known the hospitals expected future costs‚ expenses and estimated income over the course of a year it will be easier to know what to do to help improve the hospitals services
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we are allowed to do for the preparation of thisreport. The report includes necessary information of how Starbucks can start its business inBangladesh and operate while competing with existing competitor and also considering someother uncontrollable and controllable factors. 1.4 Limitation: There are some difficulties which we have faced in preparing this report. There are someother problems those we had to overcome to make our effort fruitful. Some limitations wefaced are: We don’t
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Classification of Cost Cost may be classified into different categories depending upon the purpose of classification. Some of the important categories in which the costs are classified are as follows: 1. Fixed‚ Variable and Semi-Variable Costs The cost which varies directly in proportion with every increase or decrease in the volume of output or production is known as variable cost. Some of its examples are as follows: • Wages of laborers • Cost of direct material • Power The cost which
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