Chapter 12 Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are regulatory proteins that assist in the cell cycle. Particular protein kinases give the go-ahead signals at G1 and G2 checkpoints. These protein kinases are present at a constant concentration in the cell but are inactive unless in the presence of cyclin‚ these are cyclin dependent kinases. The activity of a cdk rises and falls with the concentration of cyclin. Cyclin levels rise during the S and G2 phases then fall abruptly in the M phase
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Unit 2 Assignment Critical Thinking 1. Explain why‚ even under ideal conditions‚ Streptococcus grows slowly. Cellular respiration is a process in which glucose is broken down to form an energy that can be used by the cell. There is aerobic respiration and there is anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration involves a series of chemical reactions in which oxygen is used to transform into carbon dioxide and H2O. This process generates energy carrying molecules called ATP. Anaerobic respiration
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Gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have shown increased resistance to a variety of antibiotics typically used in the treatment of infections and diseases caused by these bacteria (Izadpanah and Khalili‚ 2015; Santajit and Indrawattana‚ 2016). Hospital wastewater is considered a hot
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plus anaerobes and/or facultative anaerobes. It is frequently a postoperative‚ often abdominal infection with gas-forming organisms: anaerobic Bacteroides‚ Peptococcus and Clostridium; and facultative anaerobic bacteria such as alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus‚ Escherichia coli‚ Enterobacter‚ Klebsiella or Proteus species. Type B‚ monomicrobial group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection‚ is seen occasionally in conjunction with Staphylococcus aureus. It is also known as beta-hemolytic streptococcal
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Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that affects the skin and the tissue underneath the skin. Although cellulitis can be caused by many types of bacteria‚ streptococcus and staphylococcus are the main bacteria that cause this condition. Cellulitis often develops near surgical wounds or ulcers. This condition causes the skin to become reddened and swollen. It also causes the area to feel tender and hot. Cellulitis can quickly spread to other areas of the body. It is not contagious. Cellulitis can
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http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascular/common-iliac-vein HealthTeacher (2012). “Respiratory System.” Retrieved from http://www.healthteacher.com/content/id/51/topic/11 Medical Dictionary (2012). Streptococcus. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Streptococcus MedicineNet (2012). Definition of the Femoral Vein. Retrieved from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10783 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (2012). “What Causes Pneumonia.” Retrieved
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Gram Positive Enterics: Streptococcus faecalis Streptococcus faecalis also known as strep D‚ is now known as Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis is part of the Enterococcaceae family. This organism is a gram positive and usually occurs in pairs called diplococci. It is facultative anaerobic‚ and is nonmotile. This organism is a lactose fermenter and can be grown in 6.5% NaCL. Enterococcus faecalis is considered non-hemolytic‚ meaning it does not break down blood cells. Enterococcus
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have been supplemented with 5% sheep red blood cells. BAP tests the ability of an organism to produce hemolysing enzymes that damage/lyses red blood cells (erythrocytes). The degree of hemolysis is helpful in differentiating members of the genera Streptococcus. Which Hemolytic activity‚ classified
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Abstract The spread of antibiotic resistance is a universal threat to both humans and animals for treatment of microbial infections. The antibiotic resistance is generally not preventable but can still be controlled. Prolonged and repeated use of antibiotic leads to many pathogen becoming resistant to antibiotics. The resistance may be either intrinsic or acquired depending on the condition. Although classically attributed to chromosomal mutations‚ resistance is most commonly associated with
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The Differences and Similarities of Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Pneumonia and tuberculosis have been plaguing the citizens of the world for centuries causing millions of deaths. This occurred until the creation and use of antibiotics become more widely available. These two respiratory infections have many differences‚ which include their etiology‚ incidence and prevalence‚ and many similarities in their objective and subject indicators‚ medical interventions‚ course‚ rehabilitation and effects
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