CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE Congestive cardiac failure is defined as “the state in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate adequate for supplying the requirements of the tissues with function parameters remaining within normal limits usually accompanied by effort intolerance‚ fluid retention and reduced longevity” (Denolin‚ 1983‚ p. 445). Congestive cardiac failure or heart failure continues to be a major public health issue worldwide. This paper is a case study report about C.B‚ a 60
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loop‚ lymph only travels in one direction which is up towards the neck‚ within its own system. The tissue fluid flows into our venous blood stream through specific veins which are located near our collar bones. Then‚ after delivering nutrients the plasma leaves the cells with debris. Most of the tissue fluid will then return to the venous circulation and continues as venous blood. Lymph leaves the tissue and enters the lymphatic system through lymphatic capillaries. ¾ of these capillaries are superficial
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against the inside walls of blood vessels as it passes through and is initially produced by the contracting heart and is necessary to push blood along to all organs in the body. The fall in BP from 100 torr in the arterial system to 2 torr in the venous system is mainly explained by resistance to blood flow. The blood‚ after leaving the heart‚ passes into vessels of smaller and smaller diameter. This slows the flow. Also‚ there is the friction on the blood by the blood vessel walls. Both of these
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Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Homework Questions/Objectives (1-18) Heart Anatomy 1. Describe the size‚ shape‚ location‚ and orientation of the heart in the thorax. • 250 to 350 grams about the size of a fist‚ within the mediastinum and tilts toward the left side of the body√ 2. Name the coverings of the heart. • Pericardium – doubled-walled sac that encloses the heart. • Fibrous Pericardium – superficial part of
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1Cardiovascular System: Anatomy Review: Blood Vessel Structure and Function 1. Name the three layers or tunics of the blood vessel wall and what they are composed of. Location Tunic Name Composed of Innermost Tunica interia Endothelium Middle Tunica media Smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin Outer Tunica externa Collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the blood vessels and anchor it to surrounding structures 2. In the following list of characteristics‚ put “A” for artery‚ “C” for
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COMPLETE PHYSICAL EXAM ABBREVIATIONS: Vital Signs: T (temperature) HR (pulse) RR (respiration rate) BP (systolic/diastolic) SPO2 pulse ox SYSTEM Physical Exam Documentation Detailed Abbreviation Explanation GEN: General NAD‚ AAOX4‚ WDWN (AAM‚ AAF‚ WM‚ WF) No acute distress‚ alert‚ awake‚ and oriented times 4 to name‚ place‚ time‚ purpose‚ Well developed well nourished (African American Male‚ African American Female‚ White Male‚ White Female) HEENT: Head‚ NCAT‚ MMM‚ EOMI‚ PERRLA‚ b/l TM intact & Normocephalic
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Lymphatic capillaries which empty into Lymphatic collecting vessels which empty into Lymphatic trunks and ducts The lymphatic system lacks an organ that acts as a pump. Lymphatic vessels are low-pressure conduits‚ and the same mechanisms that promote venous return in blood vessels act here as well—the milking action of active skeletal muscles‚ pressure changes in the thorax during breathing‚ and valves to prevent backflow. Lymph transport is sporadic and slow. About 3 L of lymph enters the bloodstream
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Immunohistochemistry or IHC refers to the process of detecting antigens (e.g.‚ proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.[1] IHC takes its name from the roots "immuno‚" in reference to antibodies used in the procedure‚ and "histo‚" meaning tissue (compare to immunocytochemistry). Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. A video
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Case Study 8 1. List 6 risk factors for DVT. Inheriting a blood clot disorder Prolonged bed rest‚ such as long hospital stay Injury or surgery Pregnancy Birth control pills or hormone replacement Being overweight or obese 2. Identify at least 5 problems from L.J.’s history that represent his personal risk factors. Smoking history Personal history of DVT Prolonged bed rest Age of above 60 years old Sitting for long period of times (Bus Driving) 3. Something is missing from the scenario. Based on
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Velocity of blood flow is slower in the capillaries than in the arteries. B.Increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur. C.It is possible for a capillary to filter at its arterial end and absorb at its venous end. D.Discontinuous endothelium is more likely to be found in liver capillaries than in brain capillaries. E.Large proteins that enter the interstitial fluid are returned to the circulation via the lymphatic system. 4. The right side of the
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