Unit B2.6.1 Aerobic respiration * a) Know and understand the chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes. * b) Know and understand during aerobic respiration (respiration that uses oxygen) chemical reactions occur that: * use glucose (a sugar) and oxygen * release energy. * c) Know and understand that aerobic respiration takes place continuously in both plants and animals. * d) Know that most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place inside mitochondria
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BIO FINAL STUDY GUIDE Scientific Method: 1) Observe something interesting 2) Educated idea = hypothesis (if – change/IV -… then – measure/DV… because) 3) Experiments 4) Analyze + conclude 5) Report it to world Science | Pseudoscience | -uses scientific method | -doesn’t use scientific method | -good hypothesis (falsifiable –provable) | -bad hypothesis (unfalsifiable) | -Repeatable + predictable | -unrepeatable | -1 variable | -none or many variables | -ex. Aliens
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Unit 2. Chapters 9-16. Cell Processes 1. Cellular Respiration‚ Photosynthesis‚ Cell Cycle‚ Mitosis‚ Meiosis‚ & Genetics. Note A: All work must be hand-written‚ including charts & diagrams. Note B: each answer requires more than one sentence & use diagrams whenever possible; failure to use diagrams will result in less points. Chapter 9 Outline 1) Principles of Energy Conservation a) Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic(energy – yielding) pathways b) Cells must recycle the ATP
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om International General Certificate of Secondary Education CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BIOLOGY PAPER 1 Multiple Choice 0610/1 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002 45 minutes Additional materials: Multiple Choice answer sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) TIME 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your name‚ Centre number and candidate number on the answer
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cellular respiration. In the process of cellular respiration‚ a glucose molecule is broken down into water and carbon dioxide. ATP is produced in the reactions that transform glucose. A lot more ATP is made later through oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is energized through electrons through the electron transport chain imbedded with proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. A catabolic pathway to produce adenosine triphosphate. In prokaryotes cellular respiration takes
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PLASTIDS Plastids are large cytoplasmic organelles. Plastids are major organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids often contain pigments used in photosynthesis‚ and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cell’s colour. The term plastid was derived from the Greek word plastikas meaning formed or moulded. This term was coined by Schimper in 1885. In plants
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The optimal growth temperature for Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 is 12oC (Boo et al.‚ 2013). The upper temperature limit for growth is 20oC. However‚ some psychrophilic yeast such as Candida psychrophila (optimal growth temperature of 15oC) can tolerate temperature up to 25oC for three hours (Deegenaars & Watson‚ 2006). Low temperature for the growth of Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 is difficult to determine accurately. One of the factors is the technical difficulties to determine the amount of antifreeze
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Introduction Ethanol most commonly which is produced through the fermentation of glucose by yeast cells. Fermentation is an energy-yielding process that cells carry out in the absence of oxygen. Although fermentation does not provide much usable energy for the cell‚ it is sufficient for yeast cells. Yeast cells produce ethanol and CO 2 as byproducts‚ and the ethanol produced valuable energy source. There is much interest in ethanol as an energy alternative which are nonrenewable and contribute significantly
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used to guage the rate of respiration by measuring the time taken for it to turn colourless. Methylene blue‚ acting as a hydrogen acceptor‚ is decolourized during the respiration of yeast. By measuring the time taken for a fixed amount of the dye to be decolourized‚ the relative rate of respiration (a catabolic process) can be deduced. Results: The yeast mixture in test tube A turned blue at first but slowly changed back to its original colour and stayed that way. The yeast mixture in test tube B
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INTRODUCTION Microorganisms such as bacteria‚ fungus‚ mold‚ and yeast are present and common in almost every environment on earth. The normally microscopic organisms can easily be seen using differing types of agar‚ which creates an ideal environment for the organisms to form colonies‚ which are groups of hundreds of organisms that can be seen with the naked eye. In order to see individual microorganisms‚ it is necessary to use the magnification of a high-powered microscope. These techniques
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