February 27th, 2014 4th block
Public Education through History
Within the south, since the civil war, if African Americans were kept ill-educated they would remain ‘in their place’ in society. An educated "boy" could become a danger. There was also a belief in some areas that African Americans were not intelligent enough to deserve an education. The shadow of "Jim Crow" cast itself over education in the south. The result of this was very much linked to the poverty most African Americans found themselves in without a good education; no one could advance themselves in southern society. Therefore, a poor education guaranteed a poor lifestyle for the African Americans.
There had been some movement after the Second World War regarding attitudes. The horror of the death camps in Europe and the abject nonsense of scientific racism had moved by degrees some sections of southern society. The whole element of black equaling backwardness weakened though it did not die out. Military service by African Americans had made young men more assertive and the NAACP built on this development.
Some southern states complied with the law and publically stated that they would not do anything to interfere with the ruling. By the end of 1957, 723 school districts in the south had desegregated their schools. In 1965, Project Head Start, a preschool education program for children from low-income families, begins as an eight-week summer program. Part of the "War on Poverty," the program continues to this day as the longest-running anti-poverty program in the U.S.
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, signed into law by President Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the central federal law in pre-collegiate education. The ESEA, first enacted in 1965 and previously reauthorized in 1994, encompasses Title I, the federal government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. It expanded the federal role