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Accountability of Public Officers

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Accountability of Public Officers
ARTICLE XI: ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

Section 1: PUBLIC OFFICE AS A PUBLIC TRUST
Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and lead modest lives.

Section 2: IMPEACHMENT/REMOVAL FROM OFFICE
Impeachment: (as means of removal from office)

1. Who may be impeached:
- President
- VP
- SC Justices
- Constitutional Commission members
- Ombudsman
2. Grounds
- Culpable violation of the Constitution
- treason
- bribery
- graft and corruption
- other high crimes or
- betrayal of public trust
Note: It is an exclusive list. Congress cannot, by law, add to the list of impeachable offenses.
These officers cannot be charged in court with offenses that have removal from office as penalty.
The President cannot be charged with murder.
A SC Justice cannot be disbarred because this would disqualify him from his position.
BUT AFTER an official has been impeached, he can be charged with the appropriate offense.
Resignation by an impeachable official does not place him beyond the reach of impeachment proceedings; he can still be impeached
All Other Public Officers and Employees
1. They may be removed from office as provided by law
2. BUT: NOT by impeachment
Section 3: PROCEDURE FOR IMPEACHMENT
Exclusive Power of House of Representatives
The House of Representatives has exclusive power to INITIATE all cases of impeachment.
Procedure:
1. Filling of verified complaint
Can be filed by:
Any member of the House of Representatives or
Any citizen upon a resolution of endorsement by any Member of the House or
By at least 1/3 of all the Members of the House of Representatives
2.) Inclusion of complaint in the order of business with 10 session days
3.) Referral to proper Committee within 3 session days thereafter
4.) Submission of Committee report to the House together with corresponding resolution
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