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Adhd Research Paper
Running Head: ADHD AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

Behavioural and Physiological effects of ADHD And occurrence of Substance Use Disorders
Maaz A. Mirza
University of Toronto at Mississauga

Abstract
ADHD is a neurobehavioral disorder that is characterized by inattentiveness, impulsivity, and restlessness. Substance use disorder among ADHD patients is much higher than the general public, suggesting a pathophysiological link between the two. ADHD is a very complex and diverse disorder with many different causes, most cases deal with deficiencies in the brain’s dopamine pathway. Evidence has been found linking both the behavioural and physiological aspects of ADHD with substance use disorders. Studies have shown that treatment with the …show more content…
A clear link cannot be made until more concrete research is done on the causes of ADHD. More research should also be done on the effects of Methylphenidate and its potential as a drug of abuse.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also known as ADHD is a psychiatric disorder that affects 5 to 10% of children worldwide (Volkow, et al., 2002). The real life implications of ADHD are very detrimental, leading to inhibited development and behavioural changes. Individuals with ADHD have trouble controlling themselves and exhibit high impulsivity along with restlessness. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders, DSM-IV, states that multiple symptoms depicting inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity be observed for at least a six month period to diagnose ADHD, and it’s subtypes. The DSM-IV’s diagnostic criteria have come under much scrutiny; one criticism is that the criterions are only tailored towards children. Even though up to 50% of the children that suffer from ADHD continue to exhibit symptoms well into adulthood (Frodl, 2010). The most commonly used prescription drug to treat ADHD is Methylphenidate, commercially most commonly …show more content…
(2010) What are the cognitive effects of stimulant medications? Emphasis on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [Electronic version]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34, 1256-1266
D’Agati, E., Casarelli, L., Pitzianti, M., & Pasini. A. (2009) Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD [Electronic version]. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 34, 441-445
Freitag, M., Rohde, L., Lempp, T., & Romanos, M. (2010) Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD [Electronic version]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19, 311-323
Frodl, T. (2010) Comorbidity of ADHD and Substance Use Disorder (SUD): A Neuroimaging Perspective [Electronic version]. Journal of Attention Disorders, 109-120
Griggs, R., Weir, C., Wayman, W., & Koeltzow, T. (2010) Intermittent methylphenidate during adolescent development produces locomotor hyperactivity and an enhanced response to cocaine compared to continuous treatment in rats [Electronic version]. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 96,
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