Affirmative Action In Supreme Court Cases

One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy concerns affirmative action. Affirmative action is an action or policy intended to eliminate discrimination against ethnic minorities, women, and the disabled in workplaces and educational institutions. In employment and educational institutions, affirmative action does the followings: names and demolishes discriminatory barriers for instance biased testing or recruitment; performs outreach to the inadequately represented women and minorities by administering colleges, women and minority organizations. Also by allowing race or ethnicity to be one of the considered factors during evaluation of qualified candidates, affirmative action provides diversity to both workplaces
Institutions that acknowledge race as one of the admission/ recruiting factors makes it harder for white people to get accepted. There have been cases where white students sued against their universities because they felt that they were denied admission because of their race. The most known cases are Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger where Caucasian students disputed the University of Michigan's Race to undergraduate and law school program. These cases were significant in the revision of affirmative action policies. The cases allowed the Supreme Court to question the constitutionality of such affirmative admission policies. Similarly, Abigail Fisher claimed that she was declined admission to the University of Texas because of her race. Ms. Fisher also suggested that such affirmative action laws are not by the 14th amendment which pledges equal protection for all. Moreover, the prejudices evoked by positive discrimination policies makes white people for what their ancestors did in the past. Companies or universities must often discriminate against white people because of affirmative action laws to integrate other racial groups, and that’s unfair. As Chelsea Hoffman puts it, indeed Affirmative action should be considered a "dangerous double standard" that discriminates one over
Contemplating how the different genders and racial groups are still not paid equally it doesn’t seem as though affirmative action is effective. Now, women still gain about 77 cents while Latinos earn 56 cents for every dollar white men make. Likewise, African American men obtain 75 percent of what white men make. Even Though the whites are the majority, they had a lower poverty rate than the minority blacks in 2002 and higher household income. Devah Pager of Princeton University conducted administered series of experiments in Milwaukee and New York City, 2008, where he had a group of white and African Americans poses as job applicants to inspect employment discrimination.The participants had the same qualifications in their resumes. The results of these studies were the following, white applicants with or without criminal records were most likely to get call backs than African Americans with the clean record. These studies proved that racial discrimination still exists in employment even with the existence of affirmative action