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Agricultura

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Agricultura
Agricultura (cultura plantelor şi creşterea animalelor) este cea mai veche ramură a economiei mondiale. In unele ţări din Asia, Africa şi America de Sud este şi astăzi principala ramură economică şi sursă de subzistenţă.
1. Tipuri şi structuri teritoriale agricole
Tipul de agricultură este rezultatul evoluţiei de lungă durată a unui ansamblu de factori sociali, tehnici, economici şi culturali, ce evoluează de la o regiune la alta în condiţii naturale determinate.
Structura teritorial-agricolă posedă un spaţiu cu o morfologie agrară caracteristică unui anumit sistem de cultură, care se dezvoltă datorită factorilor naturali.
La baza tipizării agriculturii stau caracteristicile interne (cine produce?, ce produce?, pentru cine produce?) şi caracteristicile externe (nivelul tehnic, gradul de dezvoltare economico-socială, localizarea zonelor de producţie, condiţiile de transport, poziţia zonelor de producţie comparativ cu piaţa de desfacere a produselor, preţurile).
Relaţiile de producţie constituie elementul de bază în stabilirea tipologiei agrare.
Spaţiul agricol produce pentru a hrăni familia şi comunitatea locală, dar şi pentru vânzare. în funcţie de factorii tehnologici şi naturali, există două mari tipuri de agricultură: tradiţională (de subzistenţă) şi modernă.
Factorii naturali (în special clima) determină, în funcţie de latitudine şi longitudine, tipuri agricole diferite.
Regiunile agricole sunt spatii de o mare diversitate, in care se concentreaza activitatiile agricole. Ele respecta zonalitatea climatica latitudinala si etajarea latitudinala si poarta amprenta activitatiilor antropice care dau specificul acestor regiuni.

Regiunea agricola mediteraneana se caracterizeaza prin interferenta culturilor cerealiere cu cele ale criticilor si maslinului, la care se adaoga vita de vie. Se practica, de asemenea, cresterea ovinelor, in regim sedentar sau transhumant.
Climatul mediteranean (subtropical) se intalneste in tinuturile si in jurul Marii Mediterane.

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