The article “Girls’ Bodies, Girls’ Selves: Body Image, Identity, and Sexuality” by Elline Lipkin is an informative article describing how men and women are treated differently in certain scenarios throughout the country. The title of the article suggests that females are having trouble figuring out who they really are with or without the help of media and advertisement. The title also suggests that women are the only ones who suffer from sexual objectification, which is not the case.…
I think it is absolutely revolting that the sexual revolution of the late 1960s and early 1970s placed a double standard on men and women. The double standard implied that females were supposed to be as modest as possible and remain chaste till marriage. In the meantime, standards for boys were merely the opposite. It seemed to be this rule didn't pose for buys, if anything they were being encouraged to not be chaste. Lisa LeClair was attempting to change these rules for women. What really triggered LeClair was the colleges unspoken endorsement to the double standard on rules of girls dormitories. LeClair can even recall being in her dorm by 9:30 and watching her boyfriend walk away into freedom. LeClair states “I can still see the image,”…
The Procuress is hung on the wall that would form part of The Concert painting that Vermeer is painting of his patron van Ruijven and his daughter and sister. I think that the author had Griet focusing on this painting to remind her who she was. In other words, it encouraged her to remain decent, and humble. On page 186 van Leeuwenhoek said to Griet, “Take care to remain yourself.” When Griet srated to work for the family she was exposed to a different environment. While working there she was also reminded a maid who was in a painting a long with van Ruijven, who then was discovered having an affair with her master and ended up having a child of his. He reputation was destroyed, and Griet feared that the same would happen to her as well. I think that Vermeer has come to see Griet the way that the girl in the the painting is portrayed.…
Further making women see themselves as sexual objects instead of beings. This also gets women stuck between a fine area of desirability for men, the fine line of “emphasized femininity” (Garcia, 2012) that sets a limit on their sexual agency. Women risk being too sexy as Garcia puts it either their not sexy at all or too sexy in which they get ridiculed for. The agency of sexy is also barred by what class the woman is in, lower class consisting of the poor and working class are “assumed to embody an inappropriate femininity” (Garcia,…
Vanessa Beecroft’s issues and issues involve body image, nudity, and audience reaction. Beecroft works from the postmodern frame, she challenges traditions and social codes, and of the influence of mass media expectations. Beecroft reacts to our contemporary word with performances that demand audience attention as the artist works with real time, real space and real flesh. Beecroft’s concepts are often quite complex, provoking questions about identity, exploitation and the agencies of the art world. VB40 was performed at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney in 1999, and consisted of girls wearing red stockings, high red stilettos and nude-coloured bras. The models stood in formation but in relaxed stances. This work evoked criticism of the body as a model, both in the traditional sense of the artist’s nude model, and in the sense of the mannequin of parades and models in fashion magazine photograph. We are aware of the way people are objectified, a tense mood being created as the live models return to the viewer’s’ gaze while performing. “Beauty is an intent which society deals with and beauty creates shame” –Beecroft.…
Pin-Up Grrrls: Feminism, Sexuality, Popular Culture is a book written by Maria Elena Buszek that explains how third-wave feminists are taking back pin-up culture. This new pin-up culture is shown developing through a 150 year time span. Buszek examines old and new female sex symbols as well as the beginnings of this new revival of the pin-up genre. This book illustrates how women are often publicly depicted and the representation of our sexualities since the early 1860’s. Buszek makes an argument that women dressed in dominatrix gear are complex and even revolutionary for female sexuality rather than being interpreted as mere representations that objectify women. This is a captivating book where Buszek enthusiastically weaves academia with testimony to make a brilliant argument that third-wave feminism should not be…
For the first time, Cindy Sherman had decided to opt out of photographing herself in this series, and relies strictly on the replacement of dismembered mannequins as her models. In researching an explanation for her graphic art style, I encountered a website louellamartin.wordpress.com, where in an interview with John Zinsser, she defends her work by saying," I would hope that these images would make people comfort their own feelings about sex, pornography, or erotic images and their own bodies" (Zinsser…
The title of our zine is Fatal Femininity, which brings artistic awareness through poetry, comics, beautiful song lyrics, artwork, and empowering words from famous women. What we want our readers to know about our zine is that it strongly focus on the empowerment of women and brings up the issues dealing with the conformity of women (i.e, how society tells us how we are supposed to act and dress). Our zine shows images, and artwork of how women do not need to conform to society, but instead be whoever the hell we want to be. The first page of our zine we have poetry by Maya Angelou called phenomenal women, which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language explaining how remarkable women are and how women are in control of themselves. On the second page, we have a comic…
While women have achieved equality along with political and social independence in many ways over the past century, contemporary feminist movements continue to blossom as gender expectations and stereotypes remain deeply embedded in our culture. Today and in the past, feminist notions about the social norms that limit women's possibilities have yearned for expression and have found this through various artistic outlets. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin, and the 1944 Film Gaslight are three artistic works that relay feminist themes in a unique way. These three works differ in certain aspects, but all ultimately embody the same underlying theme of the oppression and liberation.…
Society by default places people into categories. The most prominent example of this is the gender binary, where each person is labeled and judged based on where they fall within that binary. Male versus female, one side is already at a disadvantage. Described in the films The Codes of Gender: Identity and Performance in Pop Culture and Miss Representation, women face many obstacles in today’s society, such as objectification and scrutinization. Media illustrates and reinforces these issues by portraying women as subordinate sexual objects for a man’s pleasure. Codes of gender breaks down the methods in which photography portrays the subordinate female. In Miss Representation, we see the analysis of the hypersexualized objectified female.…
How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster will not grant you some innate capability to comprehend complicated texts, and it will most definitely not establish your position in society as a“professor.” Coincidentally, Foster’s novel demonstrates an essential quality of Literature: placing the reader fast asleep. However, that is not to say the novel isn’t good; the novel is simply not a “joy read.” The book not being particularly enjoyable has nothing to do with the manner in which it was written, but more to do with the educational aspect of it. Being forced to do something is hardly ever enjoyable.…
Carter’s The Bloody Chamber, uses pornography to critique the inequity of sexual relationships between males and females by focusing on the objectification and violence inherent in normative sexual gender roles. The text analyses and exploits the style and language of pornography to satirize the objectification of women (Barry 1995: 126). Additionally, The Bloody Chamber integrates that if a through the objectification of the woman, she becomes the subject of violence. The only means of change is through self realization and self actualization, when she liberated from the position of dehumanization. Cater utilizes numerous literary devices, such as symbolism, imagery, and satire to scrutinize the relationship between the oppressed and objectified female and the dominant male.…
I found it very interesting how the artist’s style is described in detail; I especially took note of things like the very descriptive titling of artwork employed by this artist. I like to inspect and make my own conclusions about artwork before digesting the title, or the artist’s/critic’s description and then compare the differences. You will be surprised at the concepts/ideas you seem to overpass which now have more significance. For example, I did not truly understand what the artist was trying to convey, and their definition of the “male gaze” just by observing the picture. However, once I really read the title (thought about it), the picture became very clear (no pun intended). Many more ideas and concepts began to flood through my mind. The picture was now “saying something” for lack of a better term, it still had a message at the beginning, but a much stronger one now. The concept would be very hard to get across w/o title. The image of perfectly tilted fruit coupled with the descriptive title gives you a real insight of the message the artist is trying to portray in this picture, namely her concerns about how females are portrayed in arts and entertainment in often erotic or enticing ways to be consumed by the…
Cindy Sherman was one of the well known and most respected photographers in the late twentieth century. Rather than doing self portraits for her photographs, Sherman depicted herself in the roles of B- movie actresses. On one level, Sherman’s work appears to be subversively linked to ‘low’ art characterized by ‘b-grade’ film and photography, on another level, her work is regarded as the modernist ideal of the ‘high' art object. Sherman has raised challenging and important questions about the role and representation of women in society, the media and the nature of the creation of art. Sherman has been acclaimed as the subversive feminist that has boldly confronted issues concerning the female body. Even though some critics look at Cindy’s works as demining the women and exposing the women into low standards through her photographs, Cindy had a strong message for the viewers. In 1992 Sherman embarked on a series of photographs now referred to as "Sex Pictures." Sherman is not in any of these photographs for the first time in her career as an artist, yet she uses dolls and prosthetic body parts posed in highly sexual poses. She chose to often photograph up close and in color both female and male body parts which were purposely meant to shock the viewers. Sherman continued to work on these photographs for some time and continued to experiment with the use of dolls and other replacements for what had previously been herself. Critiques imply that the viewer is guilty for the negative readings of Sherman’s images. In a way Sherman’s constructed image of woman is innocent, and the way we interpret it is based on our social and cultural knowledge. Referring to the reaction of a gallery visitor who criticized Sherman for presenting women as sex objects, I would say that the visitor’s anger comes from a sense of his own involvement because the images speak not only to him but from him. Critiques depicted Sherman as a whore for producing such photographs but…
Sexual-objectification can occur in interpersonal or social encounters, and media exposure (McKay, 2013). Interpersonal and social encounters lead to women being objectified through sexual comments, harassment, whistles or shouts, and gazing from male beings (McKay, 2013). Research suggests that many women desire breast augmentation due to pressures from their romantic partners and peers (Howerton et al., 2011) Due to the social expectations, many women feel inadequate and succumb to breast augmentation or other types of plastic surgery (Howerton et al., 2011). Television shows and other forms of media educate viewers that plastic surgery is empowering and is a feminist practice, they also portray the female body as an object that needs work, and once fixed, it will solve all of their problems (Marwick, 2010). As a result of mass media and its influences, the fuller the breasts the sexier and more feminine individuals feel (Howerton et al., 2011). The interplay of these factors has resulted in many women’s interests in breast augmentation, demonstrating its relative value in female perception by society (Rohrich et al., 2007). A negative emotional consequence that results from sexual objectification is that women feel ashamed of their bodies when they perceive them as falling short of feminine beauty ideals, and encourages women to focus on their physical appearance treating themselves as objects to be looked at and evaluated (Calogero, Pina, Park, & Rahemtulla,…