Top-Rated Free Essay
Preview

Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas

Powerful Essays
2502 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas
Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas

1.Absract

Physiological changes and chronic diseases arising during aging process increase risk of accident of the elderly, especially the elderly living alone at their homes. Home accidents are the most commonly health problem in the elderly. This study was carried out to describe home safety of the elderly living in a city or rural area using a home safety checklist. 512 living in Turkey (330 in city; 182 in rural area) were evaluated via face-to-face interview using a home safety checklist during a period between December and March in 2007. In addition to sociodemographics, a questionnaire including home characteristics and life style of participants was applied. To describe home safety level, Home Safety Checklist was used.

2-Introduction

Aging, which is a part of life and a nonrecoverable process. Developments in the field of tecnology,health and nutrition increasing life expectancy in the general population has led to an increased incidence of elderly population. Especially in industrialized countries, this increase is faster. The increase in elderly population by bringing with it social problems, particularly affecting the family structure of the elderly living alone is cause Depending on the time during the aging process in human organism, physical, physiological and psychological changes are emerging. Decrease with aging occur in the physical abilities, to continue their activities of daily living and home-related poses an obstacle to the execution of work. Physiological changes and the age of progress emerged due to chronic diseases, especially those living alone at home often face with the risk of accidents . An important part of the problems faced by the elderly home accidents constituted. Physiological changes and dementia as well as some chronic diseases, nörooftalmalojik findings, progressive hearing loss, posture, balance and gait disturbances and sensory changes, has led to increased risk of accidents. The elderly, the most important preventive safety applications, one of the age-related physiological deficiency in developing corrective to troubleshoot instruments (hearing aid, glasses, etc..) Usage as a domestic accident may lead to removal of conditions must be determined. Therefore, in recent years in elderly home safety and home safety inspection and control increased the importance of the list. In this context, is widely used in the field of health inspection and control lists, and application tools are the most important ergonomic evaluation.

3-Explict Statemnet Of The Study Objective İncluding Operational Definition:

This study used a home safety check list and the elderly living at home in our country, the security situation in the house and emerged with aging in terms of accident risks in order to examine the status of housing are planned.

Sample Groups:

Sample 1:The elderly who is living in the city

Sample 2:The elderly who is living in the rural areas

Variables:

Age This variables;the elderly who is living in the city

Gender and the rural areas used to investigate the

Education demograhic datas.

Marriage Status

Occupational Status

House type This variables; the elderly who is living in the city

Private rooms and the rural areas was used to examine the status of

Domestic Availability their home.

Satisfaction:

Financial Status:

Living Arrengement: This variables;the elderly who is living in the city and the

Leisure Activities rural areas was used to examine the their life style.

Security Score

p: is degree of freedom: In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary

4-Methodology Section:

This descriptive type of study,we selected 512 elder people with random sampling method.330 of 512 elder person which we select in the city and 182 of 512 which we collect in the rurely areas among december to march 2007 in 7 geographical regions of Turkey in Denizli, Izmir, Aydın, Antalya, Mersin, Ankara, Konya, Istanbul, Diyarbakir, Trabzon, Sinop and Zonguldak provinces. In collection of data, as well as demographic information, household status and forms of life questionnaire stating where questions were administered. To determine the level of home security developed by the National Security Council, consisting of 65 questions, Home Security Checklist is used. National Security Council, the score at 1-7 in the perfect home for safety aspects, between 8-14 scores well; 15 and on the scores were assessed as dangerous. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic and National Security Council with the elderly living at home with the method to be verbatim comments will be reviewed their homes Pamukkale University School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation was completed by senior students. Chi-square test was used for evaluating data.

5-Data Analysis Section

Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test is the best-known of several chi square test – statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi square distrubition. Its properties were first investigated by Karl Pearson. In contexts where it is important to make a distinction between the test statistic and its distribution, names similar to Pearson Χ-squared test or statistic are used.
It tests a null hypothesis stating that the frequency distrubition of certain events observed in a sample is consistent with a particular theoretical distribution. The events considered must be mutually exclusive and have total probability 1. A common case for this is where the events each cover an outcome of a categorial variable. A simple example is the hypothesis that an ordinary six-sided dia is "fair", i.e., all six outcomes are equally likely to occur. Pearson's chi-square is the original and most widely-used chi-square test.
Definition
Pearson's chi-square is used to assess two types of comparison: tests of goodness of fit and tests of independence. A test of goodness of fit establishes whether or not an observed frequency distrubition differs from a theoretical distribution. A test of independence assesses whether paired observations on two variables, expressed in a contingency tables, are independent of each other – for example, whether people from different regions differ in the frequency with which they report that they support a political candidate.
The first step in the chi-square test is to calculate the chi-square statistics.In order to avoid ambiguity, the value of the test-statistic is denoted by X2 rather than χ2: this also serves as a reminder that the distribution of the test statistic is not exactly that of a chi-square random variable. However some authors do use the χ2 notation for the test statistic. An exact test which does not rely on using the approximate χ2 distribution is Fisher’s exact test ,this is significantly more accurate in evaluating the significance level of the test, especially with small numbers of observation.
The chi-square statistic is calculated by finding the difference between each observed and theoretical frequency for each possible outcome, squaring them, dividing each by the theoretical frequency, and taking the sum of the results. A second important part of determining the test statistic is to define the degrees of freedom of the test: this is essentially the number of observed frequencies adjusted for the effect of using some of those observations to define the "theoretical frequencies".
Results:

11.2% of the elderly living in the city , 14.4% of the elderly living in rural areas whose age is 80 and over age in the range

TABLE 1:Examination of demografic data for elderly people living in the city and in rural areas

|Variables | CİTY | RURAL |
| | | |
|Age | | |
|65-69 age | | |
|70-79 age | | |
|> 80 age | | |
| | | |
|Gender | | |
| | n % | n % |
| | | |
| |171 51.8 |78 42.8 |
| |122 36.9 |78 42.8 |
| |37 11.2 |26 14.3 |
|Woman | 189 57.3 |107 58.8 |
|Man |141 42.7 |45 41.2 |
|EDUCATİON | | |
|Literacy does not know | 19.1 19.1 |61 33.5 |
|Literate | | |
|Primary School |37.3 37.3 |82 45.1 |
| |10.3 10.3 |9 4.9 |
| Middle School |16.7 16.7 |16 8.8 |
| | | |
|High school |9.1 9.1 |9 4.9 |
|University |7.6 7.6 |5 2.7 |
|Marriage Status | | |
|Single | 43 13 |18 9.9 |
|Married |249 75.5 |150 82.4 |
| |38 11.5 |14 7.7 |
| Divorced | | |
|Occupational Status | | |
| | | |
| Works |294 89 |154 84.6 |
| |36 11 |28 15.4 |
|Not working / Retired | | |

TABLE 2: An analysis of the homes of elderly living in rural areas and in the city

|Variables | CİTY | RURAL | |
| | | | |
|House type | | | |
| | n % | n % | p |
| | | | |
|Detached | 128 36.8 | 157 96.3 | |
| | | | |
| Apartment |202 61.2 |25 13.7 |0.0001 |
| | | | |
|Private rooms | | | |
|Yes | 211 63.9 |98 53.8 | |
|No |41 12.4 |46 25.3 | |
|Have shared |78 33.9 |38 20.9 |0.001 |
|Domestic availability | | | |
|Good | 218 66.1 |106 58.2 | |
|Bad |112 33.9 |76 42.7 |0.05 |
|Satisfaction | | | |
|Satisfied | 233 71 |107 58.8 | |
| | | | |
| Not satisfied |97 29.4 |75 41.2 |0.007 |
| | | | |
|Financial Situation | | | |
|Self-sufficient | 257 77.9 |109 59.9 | |
| | | | |
| Children looking |56 17 |52 28.6 |0.0001 |
| |17 5.1 |1 11.5 | |
| Relatives looking | | | |

Table 3 The examination of the life style of elderly living in rural areas and in the city

|Variables | CİTY | RURAL | |
| | | | |
|Living arrangement | | | |
| | | | |
| Single | | | |
| | | | |
| With his wife | | | |
| | | | |
| With relatives | | | |
|Leisure activities | | | |
| | n % | n % | p |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| |59 17.9 |30 16.5 | |
| | | |0.05 |
| |196 59.4 |112 61.5 | |
| |75 22.7 |40 22 | |
| | | | |
| Participation is | 130 39.4 | 48 26.4 | |
| |200 60.6 |134 73.4 |0.003 |
| Accession No | | | |
| | | | |
|Security score | | | |
|Excellent | 7 2.1 | 0.5 | |
| Well |76 23.0 |27 14.8 |0.027 |
| Bad |247 74.9 |154 84.6 | |

The information about situation of old peoples houses are presented in Table 2. About %59,4 percent of old people living in cities, and %61,5 percent of old people living in rural areas stated that they live with their husbands/wifes together. When results of Home Security and Control list are inspected; mean number of old people living in cities is 20.61±8.18, while mean number of old people living in rural areas is 25,16±9,59. About %74,9 percentage of houses of people living in cities are detected bad in security criterion, %23 are considered good and %2,1 are perfect. In rural areas however, %84,6 are detected bad, %14,8 are good and %0,5 are perfect. (Table 3)

Debate:

Every year, many old people get injured by an accident in their own houses, or near it. Most of injuries are caused by preventable dangers. Using house security and control list with regular periods, gives chance to value condition again, which leads possibility to make those dangers and risks obsolote.

In our study, old people living in city and rural areas are found similiar by means of age and gender. This result shows that,HSCL results are not affected this two factors.Educational status of these two groups were examined, the higher the educational level of those living in cities and thus are better home security scores were observed. In our study, 86.3% of those living in rural areas' reputation continued living in their houses and 53.8%of living in rural areas whose have a special room ,we have been identified. Proportion of people living in houses in the city (38.8%) lower than those living in rural areas, although the cities have the people in the private room rate is higher (69.9%).We think that it is significant to consider this situation, while arranging house by means of security. According to home safety checklist,reaching domestic usability for both elderly groups have similiar charecteristics,the average score was not effective on. However, a higher proportion of elderly living in rural areas in the (41.2%) stated that they are not satisfied with our home security-related problems that indicate a large size. 40.1% of those living in rural areas in need of financial support to someone else, in protection from danger at home to prevent the necessary ergonomic regulations is an important financial problem. In our study, we have control in the city (74.9%) and of the houses in rural areas (84.6%) a large proportion of unsafe and risky as to fall hazard was observed. For those living in the city, to live in the apartment, the financial situation is good to be home and satisfied with the condition are important factors in domestic security. For old people living in rural areas however, having poor education, living in a private house and being financially dependent raises the security score, and leads danger for security of people. Our results are also compatible with literature The surver used in our study, includes the different characteristics of house and different activities made in house, which allows to evaluate and be prepared against accident risks under each sub-topic.
For old people living in rural areas however, having poor education, living in a private house and being financially dependent raises the security score, and leads danger for security of people. Our results are also compatible with literature . The surver used in our study, includes the different characteristics of house and different activities made in house, which allows to evaluate and be prepared against accident risks under each sub-topic. (1,2) %74.9 percent of people living in cities and %86 percent of people living in rural areas have bad security score, which shows they are unprotected agains various accidents and falls. Those risks are similiar, both for old people living in apartments and private houses.
Of each chapter house in terms of accident risk assessment and risk profile will reveal its relation with problems which occur with aging also are thought to be investigated. Moreover, determining the injury accident record form is important for audit and control systems. In light of all these records and data will be at home with ergonomic regulations reduce the risk of accidents increasing aging, the elderly and more healthy life with a higher level of quality of life can continue to take appropriate measures are required.

6-Ethical Consideration and Limitations:

While we are doing a research on the elderly to learn their life,we respect their private life.So, we take care of shouldn’t be revealed their names and other personel information.

7-Research Results and Recommendations:

In line with the results of our study, home security, the importance of quality of life is emphasized once again. Ergonomic and architectural creation of suitable habitat many risk eliminating the factors, will reduce the risk of injury. In this context, the health staff by producing a joint project with the architects of the houses in the community who live a healthy life, suitable for all individuals, especially the elderly are thought to be present. Also in this issue of local government, civil society organizations and government to develop policies and strategic plans are required.

8-Reference:

www.korhek.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson's_chi-square_test

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    This research delves into the special concerns of aging. I look at options that to…

    • 4974 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this booklet , it will explain potential hazards in a Residential Care home for the elderly and the harm and abuse that might arise form hazards this will all be mentioned throughout the booklet .…

    • 623 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Relationship Case Study

    • 745 Words
    • 3 Pages

    This paper takes a look at three things. First how stereotypes about the elderly are pervelant in society, second, it discusses the physical and cognitive issues in aging. and finally it discusses the mental health treatment that are available for older adults.…

    • 745 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Another potential hazard in the care home is equipment. Staff have to follow the rules and regulations on how to use the equipment correctly, to prevent harm to themselves and patients. Employees must take responsibility for the care of their own and others health and safety, they should not do anything that should jeopardize someone 's health and safety. The policy that prevents hazards like this occurring is the health and safety at work act 1974.…

    • 899 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    While there are numerous reasons why elderly in the long term facility fall, this paper narrow its research on the most common causes of falls. Elderly do not react well to change, and as such, a change in an environment particularly a new environment could can result into fall. The rate at of falls in newly admitted residents in the long term facilities is on the rise, this as a result of unfamiliarity with their environment during the time of admission. It should be noted that not all elderly usually want tasks to be performed for them, they still prefer some level of independence and while trying to assist themselves with one task or the other, the unfamiliarity in the environment can simply cause fall.…

    • 125 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ageing process is a must of human growth and developments their various attempts have there have been made to explain the process of ageing and identify the key influential factors. Health and social care practitioners of somewhat with all the people I need to understand how individuals adapt to life during old-age.…

    • 464 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Child Safety Barriers

    • 410 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Child safety has been a major concern among families especially in homes. Research has shown majority of these injuries occur with children under the age of 5 years old are not intentional injuries and can be avoided with proper parental supervision (Ablewhite, J., Peel, I., McDid,L., Hawkins,A., Goodenough,T., Deave, T., Stewart, J., Kendrick, D. 2015, p. 2). Children at different stages of development are usually susceptible to these unintentional injuries including burns, falls and poisoning. Economic factors including living conditions are major causes for these injuries. Parents with these incidents involving their children are often times uneducated about the importance in child safety in homes.…

    • 410 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    As we become older, our need for health promotion, proper nutrition and safety increases. Our development is affected due to increase of age and as age increases generally our health deteriorates. The elderly have serious problems as they age such as brittle bones, loss of muscle tone and weakened immune system. Health promotion is huge in order for the elderly to be informed on how to prevent illness and disease.…

    • 1870 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Every 18 seconds, an older adult is in the emergency room because of a fall, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). That translates into a person 65 or older dying, due to a fall, every 35 minutes, according to the CDC.…

    • 3082 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Fall Nursing Case Study

    • 495 Words
    • 2 Pages

    When patient going to discharge the nurse’s responsibility to provide all discharge instruction for patient safety. But, some patient complaining about discharge instruction and family worried about how they can prevent the fall at home. The elderly people can’t manage their own health issue alone. Upon the discharge planning nurses can help their situation through case manager. The case manager talked with patient and the family members about the home health for them. Home health care agency is very helpful for elder peoples to maintain their capability and stay with comfortably of their own homes for as long as possible. Home health care agency can arrange the physical therapist for provide the exercise for get stronger. With the daily physical exercise its better for fall prevention than home modifications and also and prevent the injury or fractures. A safe environment always reduces the risk of accidents and promotes timely response when illness or accidents occur. Home health provides innovative knowledge resolutions, such as a Personal Emergency Response System, a fall sensor, a medicine supervision organization and other monitoring devices, all planned to guarantee the safety of high risk of fall, even between caregivers’ visits.…

    • 495 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Date of Birth ( DD / MM / YYYY ): ____01_ / _____01 / ________1987_ National Insurance Number:_______________________________________…

    • 1235 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The leading causes of deaths in the United States as Woman are Unintentional Injuries,Suicide and Homicide. Many unintentional injuries can be prevented by your family'senvironment, lifestyles, and risks. Unintentional injuries, such as motor vehicle crashes, falls,poisonings, suffocations, drownings, and fires/burns, are the number one cause of death forpeople ages 1 to 44. According to statistics, by preventing unintentional injuries you can startyour day by easily having a safe environment by keeping your children safe out of harm’s wayfrom outdoor and indoor play hour and always wear your seatbelt when you take a drive. Byhaving your home a safe, comfortable, mobility environment it’s a less likely chance thatsomething would happen.Home-Make…

    • 561 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    There is no denying that our body starts the process of aging as soon as we are born into this world. Through biological and social level, everyone experienced aging as it was defined to be calculated by the number of years a person has lived (Aldwin). The term aging should be used in a content that helps the societal to understand and to adapt physically and mentally when talking about the number of years a person has been alive. The classification of later life (old) falls into three categories: young-old, old-old and oldest-old (Aldwin). A group of people who is between the ages of 65-79 is called young-old, those who are between 80-99 is called old-old, those who are age 100 or older is called oldest-old or centenarians (Alwin). These…

    • 1310 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The process of aging has been around as long as life itself. All living organisms pass through three broad stages from conception to death, which are maturation, maturity and aging. Aging affects everyone because nearly everyone has the potential to grow old and all the societies in which we live have older members (Macdonald, 1997). Gerontology is the use of reason to understand aging. The term was used to refer to the scientific study of aging, but nowadays it includes the study of aging using views from other disciplines such as humanities, social policy and human services. To correctly understand aging, knowledge from a variety of sources is needed, therefore gerontology includes the results of research on aging from all academic disciplines and fields of professional practice. There are four interrelated aspects to the study of aging, which are, physical, psychological, social psychological and social. The study of physical aging examines the causes and consequences of the body’s declining capacity to renew itself and the means for preventing, treating, or compensating for illness or disability caused or related by physical aging (Atchley, 1997). Psychological aging focuses on sensory processes, perception, coordination, mental capacity, human development, personality, and coping ability as they are affected by aging.…

    • 1672 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The number of elder people is increasing due to the changing of population structure. The active people working outside could not take care their elderly all the time. In most cases the elder people have to live alone in their home. The technologies for assisting older people able to live alone at home is become necessary. Several studies [][] have focused on the monitoring and notification when events causing injuries, such as falling. Other interesting works [] [] introduced the technologies for checking the abnormalities under the concept that if the pattern of activities in daily life are changing it might mean unhealthy, such as not enough sleeping hours, or repeating harmful actions in a pattern. In our work we focus on discovering features…

    • 1448 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays