Mistakes are necessary and Thomas points out that if we were completely free of making them, "we could never get anything useful done." He mentions that "wrong choices have to be made as frequently as the right ones" for the human mind thinks and makes decisions based …show more content…
This poses somewhat of a competition between those "text‑friendly" students who have that ability, with students whose intellectual strengths lie in other areas.
In connection to Thomas' notion of "error as important," Gardener upholds the same idea by stating that students and teachers together must be willing to "undertake risks for understanding" if success is to follow. This cannot be achieved if the only response desired are "ritualized, note, or conventionalized