anaphy lab
Hearing and Equilibrium Tests
GROUP 8 (1NUR-2)
Sumalinog, Rio
Tan, Raineer
Uy, Jochebed Divine V.
Vinasoy, Nina
Wilson, Rachel
Soriano, Felipe
Introduction
Our ears are among the most complex of organs. They can pick up air waves and translate them into sounds in our brain, they control our balance, and they define much of how we relate to the world around us. Our ability - or lack of ability - to hear has an impact on almost every aspect of our lives.
The human ear receives and transmits sound waves to the brain where they are analyzed and interpreted. Perhaps the best way to describe the function of the ear is to describe the pathway sound takes through the different parts of the ear.
The outer ear collects sound waves and directs then into the ear canal where they are amplified by its funnel-like shape and channeled on to the eardrum.
The middle air is an air-filled chamber connected to the nasal and throat passages by the Eustachian tube, the purpose of which is to equalize the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. The Eustachian tube is usually closed but is opened naturally when you swallow or yawn.
On reaching the eardrum, the sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate transmitting the sound to the delicate bones of the ossicular chain. These tiny articulated bones – commonly referred to as the “hammer, anvil, and stirrup” – mechanically connect the eardrum to the oval window of the inner ear. The movement of this oval window transmits the pressure waves of sound into the inner ear.
The fluid-filled inner ear consists of the spiral-shaped cochlea (an ancient Greek word for the shell of a snail). The passageways of the cochlea are lined with about 20, 000 microscopic hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are then sent to the brain. Here, these impulses are interpreted as meaningful sounds.
There are only 15,000 hair cells to perform this analysis, and they pass the information to the auditory
GROUP 8 (1NUR-2)
Sumalinog, Rio
Tan, Raineer
Uy, Jochebed Divine V.
Vinasoy, Nina
Wilson, Rachel
Soriano, Felipe
Introduction
Our ears are among the most complex of organs. They can pick up air waves and translate them into sounds in our brain, they control our balance, and they define much of how we relate to the world around us. Our ability - or lack of ability - to hear has an impact on almost every aspect of our lives.
The human ear receives and transmits sound waves to the brain where they are analyzed and interpreted. Perhaps the best way to describe the function of the ear is to describe the pathway sound takes through the different parts of the ear.
The outer ear collects sound waves and directs then into the ear canal where they are amplified by its funnel-like shape and channeled on to the eardrum.
The middle air is an air-filled chamber connected to the nasal and throat passages by the Eustachian tube, the purpose of which is to equalize the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. The Eustachian tube is usually closed but is opened naturally when you swallow or yawn.
On reaching the eardrum, the sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate transmitting the sound to the delicate bones of the ossicular chain. These tiny articulated bones – commonly referred to as the “hammer, anvil, and stirrup” – mechanically connect the eardrum to the oval window of the inner ear. The movement of this oval window transmits the pressure waves of sound into the inner ear.
The fluid-filled inner ear consists of the spiral-shaped cochlea (an ancient Greek word for the shell of a snail). The passageways of the cochlea are lined with about 20, 000 microscopic hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are then sent to the brain. Here, these impulses are interpreted as meaningful sounds.
There are only 15,000 hair cells to perform this analysis, and they pass the information to the auditory
References: Patton, K.T. (2010). Laboratory Manual Essentials of Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology. New York: McGraw Hill. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. NIH Pub. No. 97-4233. Updated: October 2008. Hildebrand MS, Husein M, Smith RJH. Genetic sensorineural hearing loss. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 147. Nadol, J.B. (March 2007). Hearing Problems – The Dana Guide. Retrieved December 6, 2013 from http://www.dana.org/news/brainhealth/detail.aspx?id=9822. BMJ Group (July 6, 2002). The Mysterious Weber’s Test. Retrieved December 6, 2013 from http://www.bmj.com/content/325/7354/26?tab=responses. Yoon, T. (2007). Testing for Hearing Loss – The Weber and Rinne Test. Retrieved December 4, 2013 from http://voices.yahoo.com/testing-hearing-loss-weber-rinne-test-270828.html?cat=5.