Anatomy and Physiology Comprehensive Final
The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis
Adapted from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science* by Nathan Strong
At the start 1. Recall that Jim's heart and respiratory rate are increased, he was sweating and that his mouth was dry before the raise began. Explain what is happening to his autonomic nervous system (including which division is the most active) and specify exactly how those ANS responses are creating the symptoms noted. What changes do you think are occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points)
In his autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic division was the most active before and during the race because it is what prepares your body for extra somatic activity. It activated as he was preparing for the race because he was becoming more stressed and nervous. It started in the sympathetic center located in his hypothalamus, and from there led multiple places causing his symptoms. His increased heart rate started when the cardioacceleratory center in the Medulla oblongata sent impulses down the spinal cord to the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, then the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then leads to the heart and increases the rate at which it pumps. At the same time, his respiratory rate increased similarly. Impulses sent down his spinal cord through the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, to his cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then led to a higher breathing rate. The sweating is another response to the activation of his fight or flight mode, the sympathetic division. His body perceived his nervousness as a sign that there is a threat and he may begin to exert more energy and in turn become hot, so it prepares for that by sweating in an effort to cool his body. His postganglionic fibers began to innervate his sweat glands by releasing acetylcholine and activating his muscarinic receptors. The
Adapted from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science* by Nathan Strong
At the start 1. Recall that Jim's heart and respiratory rate are increased, he was sweating and that his mouth was dry before the raise began. Explain what is happening to his autonomic nervous system (including which division is the most active) and specify exactly how those ANS responses are creating the symptoms noted. What changes do you think are occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points)
In his autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic division was the most active before and during the race because it is what prepares your body for extra somatic activity. It activated as he was preparing for the race because he was becoming more stressed and nervous. It started in the sympathetic center located in his hypothalamus, and from there led multiple places causing his symptoms. His increased heart rate started when the cardioacceleratory center in the Medulla oblongata sent impulses down the spinal cord to the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, then the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then leads to the heart and increases the rate at which it pumps. At the same time, his respiratory rate increased similarly. Impulses sent down his spinal cord through the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, to his cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then led to a higher breathing rate. The sweating is another response to the activation of his fight or flight mode, the sympathetic division. His body perceived his nervousness as a sign that there is a threat and he may begin to exert more energy and in turn become hot, so it prepares for that by sweating in an effort to cool his body. His postganglionic fibers began to innervate his sweat glands by releasing acetylcholine and activating his muscarinic receptors. The
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