Appendix E Hca 240

Associate Level Material
Appendix E

For this assignment, complete this chart to create an easy-to-read reference that will help you understand how the two forms of diabetes mellitus differ. Maintaining proper levels of insulin is critical for diabetes patients. The means by which insulin can be regulated depends upon which type of diabetes a patient has.

Complete the chart with a 25- to 50-word response for each box.

|Form of diabetes |Age of onset |Defects in insulin and effects on glucose |Risk factors |Prevention and treatment |
| | |metabolism | | |
|Type I: Insulin-dependent diabetes |Usually prior |Type I diabetes is characterized by an |There are not many known risk factors for |At the present time there is no actual way to|
|mellitus |to age 30 |absolute insulin deficiency and often results|type I diabetes, but some are thought to |prevent type I diabetes. Patients with type I|
| | |from autoimmune destruction of the |trigger it. A family history, anyone with a |diabetes require continuous insulin |
| | |insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.|parent or sibling has an increased risk, |supplementation and glucose monitoring to |
| | |The immune system attacks and destroys beta |genetics, geography, type I diabetes seems to|sustain life (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, |
| | |cells. Once 80% or more of beta cell function|increase as you travel away from the equator,|Holdaway, & Mulvihill, 2010). Treatment also |
| | |is destroyed, patients no longer have |Viral exposures, low vitamin D levels, and |includes exercising regularly and maintaining|
| | |sufficient insulin capacity to control blood |dietary factors such as introduction of |a healthy weight as well as eating healthy |
| | |glucose, so they develop hyperglycemia. |infants to baby cereal (Mayo Clinic Staff, |foods. |
| | |Although the blood glucose levels are high, |2012). | |
| | |the body’s tissues are unable to take up the | | |
| | |glucose and use it effectively as an energy | | |
| | |source. | | |
| | |(Zeman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, & | | |
| | |Mulvihill, 2010). | | |
|Type II: Noninsulin-dependent diabetes |Usually after |Type II diabetes results from defects in |Risk factors for the development of type II |Obesity contributes to insulin resistance, |
|mellitus |age 45 |insulin secretion by the pancreas and insulin|diabetes include a family history of |and weight reduction may help improve the |
| | |utilization in target tissues. Insulin |diabetes, older age, obesity, history of |insulin resistance and lower blood glucose in|
| | |resistance occurs when the tissues normal |gestational diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, |obese patients. |
| | |response to insulin is impaired. Insulin |and history of high blood pressure and high |Treatment includes diet and weight management|
| | |resistance leads to increased insulin |cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia (Zelman, |and oral medications, and insulin for |
| | |secretion by the beta cells, with eventual |Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, & Mulvihill, |patients who cannot control their diabetes |
| | |insulin decline and insulin deficiency |2010). |with diet and oral medication. Patients often|
| | |relative to blood glucose (Zeman, Tompary, | |require more than one oral medication to |
| | |Raymond, Holdaway, & Mulvihill, 2010). | |control their diabetes, and some progress to |
| | |Type II diabetes is a chronic condition that | |life long insulin injections (Zelman, |
| | |affects the way your body metabolizes sugar | |Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, & Mulvihill, |
| | |(glucose), your body 's main source of fuel. | |2010). |
| | |(Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012) | | |

References: Mayo Clinic Staff, (2012, January 25). Type 2 Diabetes Definition. Retrieved from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-2-diabetes/DS00585

Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, J., Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M. (2010). Human diseases: A systemic approach (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

References: Mayo Clinic Staff, (2012, January 25). Type 2 Diabetes Definition. Retrieved from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-2-diabetes/DS00585 Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, J., Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M. (2010). Human diseases: A systemic approach (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.