Apush Midterm Study Guide: The Responsible In Discovering America

1. Who “discovered” America? Christopher Columbus. Native Americans were already there. 1492. Dutch were the technical discoverers. NA (Russians) came on Bering Strait.ICE AGE. 2. How did the Spanish treat the Native Americans? Results of the European contact with the Natives? Relationship with the Iroquois Confederacy? ∙ Treated badly. As less than people. Massacred and enslaved. ∙ Result of European contact with the Natives? Death to many natives. Pizarro crushed incas. (befriended them and took all their gold. 1532) ∙ The 160,000 Spaniards subjugated (or made of lesser value) millions of Indians. ∙ Columbus brought sugarcane to Hispaniola­ thrives in warm climate ∙ Spanish couldn’t find gold ­> Roman Catholic missions became the most important thing for Spain in New World (God and Glory and Gold) ∙ Encomienda System: Allowed the government to give Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize the NA. (Slavery on sugar plantation disguised as missionary work) ∙ Iroquois at first able to fend of Europeans for over a century ∙ Mestizos: plus result of Spanish colonization; mixed Spanish and native American ∙ ALL THE SPANISH WANTED WAS GOLD (and sometimes fountain of youth) ∙ Matrilineal culture and authority on women (NA) ∙ Iroquois became a confederacy of 5 tribes because of English murdering Indian tribes and taking their land ∙ Human superiority of nature (E) vs. not altering the land and don’t destroy nature ∙ Food was most important gift to European world ∙ Disease is the biggest NA killer (unintentional of Spanish to kill 90% of pop) Columbian Exchange: Columbus’s discovery initiated an explosion in international commerce, or globalization. 3. The motivation for English colonization? Most consequential English Settlement for the further development of the English colonies? Relations with the Powhatans? ∙ English eventually isolated NA (unlike Spanish) ∙