Prof. Pedrito Castillo/GED 223 11:00-12:00
“TEACHING PRACTICES”
As many years have past, education is the life line bases form of school based in the basic qualification in a teacher education. In preparing such profession to become an educator it must have many trainings that you must have to meet. And also you must have to try many experiences before you go through to that certain profession. That’s why you must have a prior pedagogical theory to have in pursuing it. ( Howey,1974 and Friesen, 1993)
In many different perspectives of students as a teacher you must in part your students through the process for them to process and engage them in many practices , so that they must improve their capacity in learning. Through that they can enhance the instructions to the improvement that they deal of.( Farrell, 1993) 1. Reflective practice, between such routine the students can easily distinguished their routines and also they can easily follow instruction through what teachers says, However, in doing such routines they can reflect their actions for them to enhance and supposed a prior knowledge through the practices that they have. In many practices that the teacher re-inculcate in their classes it can directly perceive by the students, as a result of that, students must have a prior knowledge to do so the learning and routines that they must have to possess, through this instructions and practices , the teacher can perceive what could be happened through his/her practices that she/he evaluated to his/her students actions while commemorating that practices.( Farrell , 2008) 2. Richness of a practical theory must have to students and teachers. But it accommodated that the teacher must have a full knowledge respectively. Though many categories, the teacher must expert to what he/she must trying to syas. And she/he knows how to explode the part that she/he trying to convey to his/her students. ( Berliner, 1995). As a teachers you must have a full view through the things that they are impart. They must have a states of ideas through their students that they must have the essense of knowing and understanding. (Berneth,1991). Teachers has more competence and have more prior knowledge to the certain agenda’s , so that student’s must full developed through their minds of what they must also do to make their part. ( Carter, 1990) 3. Instructional Perspdctives to all aspects to become a successful educators, you must have all the perspectives and qualification for that possession. In many instructions you must featured and focused to the method of instructions that you are in. it must be reliable while you are perserving that such instructions for your students for them to understands and they can easily determined that they particulate such instructions that they must also to possess throught the method of learning. And also they can gradually planned to what instructions must be prior and involve to the instructions. Aspects of learning that they are vigor to do so, so that their responsibility is to contextualize the learning that they must into. ( Boekaerts and Simons , 1986) (Charles). 4. Teacher knowledge being an educator you must have to commemmorate the thing that prior to the practical knowledge that you will have . you must conceptualize the different ideas and aspects that you must practice at the same time through certain experiences. Because being knowledgeable teachers, the students can interpret , you will know the things you might say while you are discussing to formal to informl affirmation of teaching. ( Fenstermacher, 1994;Shulman,1987). Among the afformentioned, in the terms that your students will conceptualized and have a strong perceptions in you as their intelligent teacher, that’s why you must present to your students the showcase of a teacher that they want to be, though the accordance that they are probably learning. ( Pratt,1992). 5. Observing and evaluating through this instruction the teacher can asily determined the supervision and evaluation for the overall guiding principle that undertake in observing and evaluating students. It assumes that in many roles that the students must to accomplished when they are in a form of appraisal for learning, they tend to used the help of their teacher. ( Maldenez, 2003). 6. Observations for development in the observatory of evaluatative threathening in nature, because of the constricting the basic instructions. Many teachers now a days observe that many students are affluent to the nature of development through learning that they have acquired. Teachers are using many variety of things and techniques for the students, it must have more enhances the things that they will newly discover when they are learning. (Cosh, 1999). In much developmental approach that commemorate now a days the teacher has a big responsibility for the observation of the developmental aspects of his/her students through productive learning. And as a teacher they must have an input data for them exploitation information to the teaching and developmental stages of learning process. ( Richards & Farrell 2005) 7. Conceptualize framework in many years had past the literacy of a teacher is based on how she/he used the instruction based knowledge for him/her to gained knowledgeable outcomes when he/she in part it in the class. And to vitalized the student’s outcomes when they are taught in a critical and simple ways. ( Levin,1995). The teacher must values the expertise that she/he had and she/he confronted with the experienced must probably he/she encountered. And the teacher also must commemorate the things that they will impart being an mentor. And as mentor you must play to be deliberately planned in order to provide potential literacy teachers with effective models to follow. ( Dowhower, 1999 & Bean, 1997) 8. Role of beliefs in the diverse classroom, teachers must play a pivotal role in the diverse classroom of how to influence their students to accompanied with them when they are teaching. ( Wilson and Cooney, 2003). For many research the accomodated being a diverse teacher, your not only contextualizing but you go to the specific imput of implementation to the percepcions and impacts of ultimate behaviors of your students.( Goodwin,1997). Sometimes teachers professed their literacy on behavioral belifs that having an understanding to the structures diversity of your students will improve their practices and also as ateacher it will improve the teaching practices that you inferred to your students. ( Goodman, 1988 & Bandura, 1986) 9. Performance assessment of teaching as we all knows that in the teaching profession a high quality of assessment that we must consider when we posits some evidential ideas to accumulate our student learning. ( Grid, 2002; Schalock, 1998). For us teacher we can accumulate the high standard for teaching if we consider that our students’ they must have meet the content of understanding while we are teaching them. Because the content of standard of teaching strategies that we will in part to the strategies that we are put into. As a teacher we must collect all the details data’s and information before they inflected and provide to their respective classes. (Myton, 1998). Through the prospective of collecting data’s their standards must use some qualitative techniques or we called it “STRATEGIES” of teaching like using some rubrics, so that they can access the process and they can provide alots of interrelated subjects that they are in into. ( Denner, Salzman, & Bangert, 2001) 10. Content validity and reliability, through our teaching we must in part to it that we delivered to our respective students the facts of analysis of our topics. The content of validity and reliability of the conducted subjects. (Harvey & Hollander, 2004). As a teacher you can accumulate some ideas that truly valid and reliable, you cannot teach your students of ideas that are not containable of validity and reliability. Because if you are the teacher that haven’t that such attitudes you are not a good follower and the same time you are not a good model of being a teacher. (Montecinos, Solis & Iglesias, 2005). So that, in a certain situation of your teaching you must delegate that the facts and the opinions of your related subjects of agenda has a reliable sources and it is validated through some authors. (Harvey & Hollander, 2004)
REFERENCES: * Farrell TSC (2008) Reflective Language Teaching: From Research to Practice. London: Continuum Press. * Richards JC, Lockhart C (1994) Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press. * Richards JC, Farrell TSC (2005) Professional Development for Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press. * Pratt, D. D. 1992. Conceptions of teaching. Adult Education Quarterly, 42 (4), 203-220. * Shulman, L. S. 1987. Knowledge and teaching: foundations of a new reform. Harvard Educational
Review 57, 1-22. * Zeichner, K. 1996. Designing educative practicum experiences for prospective teachers. In Currents of reform in preservice teacher education. ed. K. Zeichner, S. Melnick & M. Gomez, 215-234. N.Y: Teachers College Press. * Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach.
Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. * Buitink, J. (1994). Achtergronden en mogelijkheden van een in-service opleiding.[Backgrounds and possibilities of an in-service programme]. VELON, Tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders, 15(2), 4–11. * Buitink, J. (1998). In-functie opleiden en in-functie leren van aan staande leraren. [In-function education and in-function learning of student teachers]. Doctoraldissertation. Groningen: UCLO. * Carter, K. (1990). Teachers’ knowledge and learning to teach. InW. R. Houston (Ed.),Handbook of research on teacher education (pp. 291–310). New York: MacMillan. * Berliner, D. C. (1995). The nature of expertise in teaching. In F. K. Oser, A. Dick, & J. L. Patry (Eds.), Effective and responsible teaching: The new synthesis (pp. 227–248). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. * Bennett, C. (1991). The teacher as decision maker program: an alternative forcareer-change preservice teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 42(2), 119–130. * Farrell, T. S. C. (2004). Reflective practice in action: 80 reflection breaks for busy teachers. California: CorwinPress. * Richards, J. C. & Farrell, T, S. C. (2005). Professionaldevelopment for language teachers. New York:Cambridge University Press. * Richards, J. C. & Lockhart, C. (1993). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press. * Malderez, A. (2003). Observation. ELT Journal, 57(2), 179-181. * Zeichner, K. M. (1983). Alternative paradigms ofteacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 34(3),3–9. * Thompson, A. G. 1992. Teachers’ beliefs and conceptions: A synthesis of the research. InHandbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning, ed. D. Grouws. NewYork: Macmillan. * Bandura, A. 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall * Goodwin, A. L. 1997. Multicultural stories: Pre-service teachers’ conceptions of and responsesto issues of diversity. Urban Education 32 (1): 117–145. * Bangert, A.W., & Kelting-Gibson, L. (2006). Teaching principles of assessment literacy throughteacher work sample methodology. Teacher Education and Practice, 19(3), 351–364. * Montecinos, C., Leiva, P., Solís, C., Rittershaussen, S., & Contreras, I. (2007). Evidencias de laconfiabilidad del instrumento MDD: Grado de concordancia entre las evaluaciones de jueces [Evidence of the reliability of the samples of teaching performance: The Interrater AgreementIndex]. Boletín de Investigación Educacional, 22(1), 75–96. * Salzman, S. (n.d.). By teaching we learn: Teacher education assessment. Retrieved June 12, 2004, from http://fp.uni.edu/itq/Powerpoint/index.htm. * Schalock, M.D. (1998). Accountability, student learning, and the preparation and licensure of teachers:Oregon’s teacher work sample methodology. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education
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