Articulatory Phonetics
14
CHAPTER 2
Articulatory Phonetics
SPEECH SOUND FORM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2
When you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:
• List the differences in production and function of vowels versus consonants. • Identify the three descriptive parameters that are used for vowel articulations, and classify the vowels of American English using those three parameters. • Differentiate between monophthong and diphthong vowels. • Define centering diphthongs. • Differentiate between a phonemic and a nonphonemic diphthong. • Identify the four parameters that are used to describe the articulation of consonants. • Define the various manners of articulation. • Classify the consonants of American English according to their organ, place, manner, and voicing characteristics. • Define coarticulation and assimilation, and describe the different types of assimilatory processes. • Understand the importance of syllable structure in the assessment process.
A
rticulatory phonetics deals with the categorization and classification of the production features of speech sounds. A thorough knowledge of how vowels and consonants are generated remains essential for successful assessment and remediation of articulatory and phonological disorders. Although contempo-
rary phonological theories have provided new ways of viewing assessment and treatment of these disorders, knowledge of the speech sounds’ production features secures a firm basis for utilizing such procedures. Without this knowledge, phonological process analysis, for example, is impossible.
14
ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
15
This chapter discusses articulatoryphonetic aspects of the speech sounds of General American English. The specific goals are 1. to provide a review of the production features of vowels and consonants; 2. to introduce the concepts of coarticulation and assimilation as a means of describing how sounds change within a given articulatory context; and 3. to examine the structure of
CHAPTER 2
Articulatory Phonetics
SPEECH SOUND FORM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2
When you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:
• List the differences in production and function of vowels versus consonants. • Identify the three descriptive parameters that are used for vowel articulations, and classify the vowels of American English using those three parameters. • Differentiate between monophthong and diphthong vowels. • Define centering diphthongs. • Differentiate between a phonemic and a nonphonemic diphthong. • Identify the four parameters that are used to describe the articulation of consonants. • Define the various manners of articulation. • Classify the consonants of American English according to their organ, place, manner, and voicing characteristics. • Define coarticulation and assimilation, and describe the different types of assimilatory processes. • Understand the importance of syllable structure in the assessment process.
A
rticulatory phonetics deals with the categorization and classification of the production features of speech sounds. A thorough knowledge of how vowels and consonants are generated remains essential for successful assessment and remediation of articulatory and phonological disorders. Although contempo-
rary phonological theories have provided new ways of viewing assessment and treatment of these disorders, knowledge of the speech sounds’ production features secures a firm basis for utilizing such procedures. Without this knowledge, phonological process analysis, for example, is impossible.
14
ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
15
This chapter discusses articulatoryphonetic aspects of the speech sounds of General American English. The specific goals are 1. to provide a review of the production features of vowels and consonants; 2. to introduce the concepts of coarticulation and assimilation as a means of describing how sounds change within a given articulatory context; and 3. to examine the structure of