Aspects Of Mindfulness

The purpose of this paper is to review different aspects of mindfulness to make a case for the study of the effects of mindfulness on a persistence task (a. Topic). Lueke and Gibson (2016) utilized a method like the one I am planning to use (b. Article that my proposed method is most similar to). Lueke and Gibson (2016) build upon the theory of mindfulness presented by Mrazek, Franklin, Phillips, Baird, and Schooler (2012) and Bishop et al (2004), and their method is similar to the one utilized by Cropley, Ussher, and Charitou (2007) (c. Three articles that are referenced by the first article and closest to what the article did in theory or method). From the research of Cropley et al., we turn to the work of Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, and
More recently, the study of mindfulness has shifted from a clinical setting to settings involving attention, self-control, and persistence. Kabat-Zinn (1990) noted that mindfulness is “just a particular way of paying attention.” As proposed in a two-component operational definition model by Bishop and colleagues (2004), mindfulness consists of both the self-regulation of attention and a nonjudging orientation to the present moment. While adopting a nonjudging orientation toward the present moment may benefit people with clinical depression, the ability to self-regulate attention may benefit people in various tasks that require sustained attention. Trait mindfulness is typically self-reported and may not be as predictive of outcomes as state mindfulness. State mindfulness, on the other hand, employs the active practice of mindfulness meditation and can predict factors such as discriminatory behavior and persistence on a
Jensen and colleagues (2011) studied motivation, noting that attentional effort could play an important role in the effects of mindfulness meditation. Motivation to complete a task can have a wide range of effects as previously demonstrated by increased performance on a choice reaction task, a sustained attention task, and a test of inhibition and selective attention (Jensen, Vangkilde, Frokjaer, & Hasselbalch, 2011). Jensen and colleagues (2011) critique mindfulness meditation studies on this basis because mindfulness meditation has produced similar results as attentional effort. Thus, the researchers tested the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on attention (Jensen et al., 2011). Jensen and colleagues (2011) found that attentional measures were confounded by attentional effort to varying degrees. Still, the researchers found that some attentional measures were uniquely affected by mindfulness meditation (Jensen et al., 2011). To explain this, Jensen and colleagues (2011) suggest that attentional shifts may be mediated by different networks. While attentional effects were seen in all conditions selective attention in the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) condition improved significantly more than the other three groups: non-mindfulness stress reduction, incentive control group, and