Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper

Definition of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a chronic or a brain disorder in which it is the “ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with the functioning or development” (www.nimh.nih.gov) in basic terms having trouble with paying attention, controlling impulsive behavior or being overly active. Whereas, inattention is having trouble or not able to concentrate and focus on a task, not as much persistence and lack of organization. As well as, hyperactivity is a constant state of movement. Lastly, Impulsivity is more so acting without thinking first or clearly
Clinical Pathology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are dependent the two different categories or combinations of
category such inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Each category has their own symptoms such as inattentiveness symptoms are the overlooking details, making absentminded mistakes and also being disorganized. Including not following as told what to do or given instructions. As well as, having trouble doing or concentrating at the task at hand, not listening when spoken and getting sidetracked. Whereas, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptom is the constant state of movement such as fidgeting and/ or squirming. Also, excessive talking or being loud or interrupting/ blurting in conversations in addition to intruding on others.
Current Treatments
Though there are no known cures for ADHD. There are various treatments that may help cognitive function and reduce the symptoms of ADHD. Treatments include medication, therapy, and training techniques. In context of medication , stimulants such as “Adderall, Adderall XR, Concerta, Daytrana, Dexedrine, Dexeterine Spansule, Focalin, Focalin XR, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methylin ER, Ritalin, Ritalin La, Ritalin SR and Vyvanse.”(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Stimulant Therapy) and non-stimulants such as “Tricyclic antidepressants , Non-tricyclic antidepressants, specific norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors, alpha-2 noradrenergic agonists, Non-schedule stimulants” (Non-Stimulant Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are used in a form of treatment. Stimulates cause a rise and balance in brain chemicals and tend to work faster where as Non-Stimulates takes the longest amount of time to be in effect, but can also help “improve focus, attention and impulsivity” (www.nimh.nih.gov) Both forms of medication have side effects when taking the drugs, and could increase health problems. Stimulates and Non-Stimulants are used in various dosages and/or combinations in order to find the right fit for the patient. Another form of treatment is behavioral therapy. It helps teach those who have ADHD in controlling and monitoring their own actions and behavior, as well as creating a program that allows them to be praised and rewarded for acting the desired way, such as “controlling one’s self’s thoughts and anger before acting” (www.nimh.nih.gov) An alternative form of treatment is not for the individual whom has ADHD, but for family and friends, they go through behavioral management programs in order to better handle behaviors of those who have ADHD as well as undergo stress management in order to increase control of frustration in order to be in a calmer state with when someone with ADHD has an outburst or negative behavioral issues. All the following medication, therapy, and training techniques are used in combinations to better results in the improvement of cognitive functioning as well as reduce symptoms of ADHD.
References
Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
(2017, November 13). Retrieved November 19, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2017, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2017, from http://academic.eb.com.cloviscc.idm.oclc.org/levels/collegiate/article/attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder/41787
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. (2017, August 16). Retrieved November 19, 2017, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889
“Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Stimulant Therapy.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-stimulant-therapy.
Budur, K., Mathews, M., Adetunji, B., Mathews, M., & Mahmud, J. (2005, July). Non-Stimulant Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Retrieved November 19, 2017, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000197/