A. Books A .1 Book with single author Article: Author Computers: Machines with Electronic Brains The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simply computations—add, subtract, multiply, and divide—with lightning speed and perfect accuracy. It can multiply two 10 –digit numbers in 1/1,000 seconds, a problem that would take an average man five minutes to do with pencil and paper. Some computers can work 555,000 times faster than a man. Once it is given a “program”-that is, once it is asked a carefully worked out set of questions devised by a technician trained in computer language-a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist, it can get information from outer space or from the depths of the ocean. In business and industry, the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mail divedend checks, and makes out company payrolls. Not only can the computer gather facts; it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high-powered”Memory” machine that has all the answers-or almost all-to all our questions. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicates problems that once took months for people to do. For example, within sixteen hours an electronic brain named CHEOPS(which stands for Chemical Engineering Optimization System) was fed all th information necessary for designing a chemical plant. After running through 16,000 possible designs, it picked out the plan for the plant that would produce the most chemical for the least amount of money. Then, it issued a printed a set of exact specifications. Before CHEOPS solved this problem, a team of engineers having the same
A. Books A .1 Book with single author Article: Author Computers: Machines with Electronic Brains The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simply computations—add, subtract, multiply, and divide—with lightning speed and perfect accuracy. It can multiply two 10 –digit numbers in 1/1,000 seconds, a problem that would take an average man five minutes to do with pencil and paper. Some computers can work 555,000 times faster than a man. Once it is given a “program”-that is, once it is asked a carefully worked out set of questions devised by a technician trained in computer language-a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist, it can get information from outer space or from the depths of the ocean. In business and industry, the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mail divedend checks, and makes out company payrolls. Not only can the computer gather facts; it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high-powered”Memory” machine that has all the answers-or almost all-to all our questions. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicates problems that once took months for people to do. For example, within sixteen hours an electronic brain named CHEOPS(which stands for Chemical Engineering Optimization System) was fed all th information necessary for designing a chemical plant. After running through 16,000 possible designs, it picked out the plan for the plant that would produce the most chemical for the least amount of money. Then, it issued a printed a set of exact specifications. Before CHEOPS solved this problem, a team of engineers having the same