Bio 201: Case Study On Anatomy And Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology I
BIO 201
Case Study
Issue #1: Blister 1. The layers which separate when a blister forms are the epidermal and dermal layers. 2. Here are the differences between the following fluid-filled lesions:
--pustule: common with acne; a small, inflamed, blister-like lesion filled with pus; may be sign of a bacterial infection
--vesicle: a small sac or cyst containing fluid or gas
--blister: a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), minor injuries, pressure or sunburn
--bulla: a blister that is more than 5mm (3/16 in.) in diameter with thin walls that is filled with fluid 3. I would say that this blister seems closest to a second-degree …show more content…
burn. 4. To help Frank’s blister heal and prevent further outbreaks of athlete’s foot, he should make the infected area less suitable for the fungus to grow, by keeping the area clean and dry. He should also continue taking his medication until it is finished. He should also avoid walking barefoot, use socks in airport security lines, and use antifungal foot powder periodically.
Issue #2: Shoulder injury 1. Torin’s diagnosis (without being able to see the x-ray, as it was not on the case study information sheet) seems to be a dislocated shoulder joint. 2. The shoulder joint is most reinforced by tendons, especially the long head of the biceps brachii and the four tendons/associated muscles that make up the rotator cuff: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. 3. It is extremely helpful to use the numerical scale for quantifying pain severity for a patient in order to best asses a pain’s origin and severity, thus allowing for the most accurate diagnosis and pain treatment. 4. The term “putting a joint back into place” indicates moving the bone back into the synovial joint (its proper place). The “pop” sound occurs due to gas bubbles (nitrogen) escaping from the synovial …show more content…
fluid. 5.
Both the shoulder joint and the hip joint are ball-and-socket joints, but the hip joint does not have as large a range of motion when compared to the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is not just a bony socket, but is comprised of several tendons/muscles (as previously mentioned), synovial fluid, tendon sheaths and hyaline cartilage.
Issue #3: Eye problems 1. The term for someone who has problems seeing close objects but can see objects far away is “hyperopia” or farsightedness. 2. Contrarily, “myopia” or nearsightedness is the condition of being able to see objects up close but not ones far away. 3. David appears to have hyperopia, since he needs to hold a paper at arm’s length to be able to read.
Issue #4: Muscle Physiology 1. The cause of the muscle cramping is hyponatremia or low blood sodium, which may have occurred by the young girl drinking a lot of water in the hot sun to try and stay hydrated, but which caused an electrolyte imbalance in her body, thus resulting in muscle cramps. 2. The muscle cramps will go away once she drinks the salt water, which will restore the necessary electrolyte balance in her
body.
Issue #5: Muscle Physiology Child Case History 1. The hereditary X-linked recessive disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness is called muscular dystrophy, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). 2. “Dystrophy” refers to the degeneration of, in this case, muscles. 3. Muscles in the leg involved in walking “on the toes” are the illopsoas, gastrocnemius and soleus. As these muscles weaken, the plantar flexors in the foot take over the job of walking. 4. The trunk muscles that weaken in certain cases of lordosis (sway back) and abdominal protuberance are the lower back muscles (erector spinae), hip flexors, abdominal muscles and the hamstrings.
BIO 201
Case Study
Issue #1: Blister 1. The layers which separate when a blister forms are the epidermal and dermal layers. 2. Here are the differences between the following fluid-filled lesions:
--pustule: common with acne; a small, inflamed, blister-like lesion filled with pus; may be sign of a bacterial infection
--vesicle: a small sac or cyst containing fluid or gas
--blister: a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), minor injuries, pressure or sunburn
--bulla: a blister that is more than 5mm (3/16 in.) in diameter with thin walls that is filled with fluid 3. I would say that this blister seems closest to a second-degree …show more content…
burn. 4. To help Frank’s blister heal and prevent further outbreaks of athlete’s foot, he should make the infected area less suitable for the fungus to grow, by keeping the area clean and dry. He should also continue taking his medication until it is finished. He should also avoid walking barefoot, use socks in airport security lines, and use antifungal foot powder periodically.
Issue #2: Shoulder injury 1. Torin’s diagnosis (without being able to see the x-ray, as it was not on the case study information sheet) seems to be a dislocated shoulder joint. 2. The shoulder joint is most reinforced by tendons, especially the long head of the biceps brachii and the four tendons/associated muscles that make up the rotator cuff: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. 3. It is extremely helpful to use the numerical scale for quantifying pain severity for a patient in order to best asses a pain’s origin and severity, thus allowing for the most accurate diagnosis and pain treatment. 4. The term “putting a joint back into place” indicates moving the bone back into the synovial joint (its proper place). The “pop” sound occurs due to gas bubbles (nitrogen) escaping from the synovial …show more content…
fluid. 5.
Both the shoulder joint and the hip joint are ball-and-socket joints, but the hip joint does not have as large a range of motion when compared to the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is not just a bony socket, but is comprised of several tendons/muscles (as previously mentioned), synovial fluid, tendon sheaths and hyaline cartilage.
Issue #3: Eye problems 1. The term for someone who has problems seeing close objects but can see objects far away is “hyperopia” or farsightedness. 2. Contrarily, “myopia” or nearsightedness is the condition of being able to see objects up close but not ones far away. 3. David appears to have hyperopia, since he needs to hold a paper at arm’s length to be able to read.
Issue #4: Muscle Physiology 1. The cause of the muscle cramping is hyponatremia or low blood sodium, which may have occurred by the young girl drinking a lot of water in the hot sun to try and stay hydrated, but which caused an electrolyte imbalance in her body, thus resulting in muscle cramps. 2. The muscle cramps will go away once she drinks the salt water, which will restore the necessary electrolyte balance in her
body.
Issue #5: Muscle Physiology Child Case History 1. The hereditary X-linked recessive disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness is called muscular dystrophy, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). 2. “Dystrophy” refers to the degeneration of, in this case, muscles. 3. Muscles in the leg involved in walking “on the toes” are the illopsoas, gastrocnemius and soleus. As these muscles weaken, the plantar flexors in the foot take over the job of walking. 4. The trunk muscles that weaken in certain cases of lordosis (sway back) and abdominal protuberance are the lower back muscles (erector spinae), hip flexors, abdominal muscles and the hamstrings.