Bio Esp
Population Genetics of the Alu Insertion on the PV92 region of Chromosome 16
Abstract:
PCR is a laboratory method used to amplify a small, specifically targeted, amount of DNA. It has three steps, the denaturing of the template DNA, the annealing of the primers to the DNA templates and the extension of the new DNA by Taq DNA polymerase. The Alu insert on the PV92 region of chromosome 16 is targeted and its frequency is measured according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Vanier HTK population and in the Yanomamo population of the amazon rainforest. They are compared using the chi-square statistical analysis and it was done on the bioservers.org website. The prediction that the Yanomamo population is within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is supported by the resulting p-value of 0.8350. The prediction that the Vanier HTK population is not within Hardy-Weinberg is also supported by the p-value of 0.0000. This means the two populations are significantly different and the Vanier HTK population does not meet the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium while the Yanomamo tribe does.
Introduction:
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, biology encompasses all the “life processes of an organism” (biology). Within this vast branch of science exists multiple, more specified areas of study, a relatively young one being biotechnology. Biotechnology is the “manipulation, through genetic engineering, of a living organism or their components” (biotechnology). It is an important science because it allows humans the opportunity to understand their biological processes.
A process that has intrigued scientists is the formation and use of proteins. Protein formation can be explained using the central dogma of biology:
Figure 1. The central dogma of biology: DNA is replicated and transcribed into RNA which is translated into proteins.
To understand these proteins it is thus clear that science needs to understand DNA. Biotechnology aids in manipulating,
Abstract:
PCR is a laboratory method used to amplify a small, specifically targeted, amount of DNA. It has three steps, the denaturing of the template DNA, the annealing of the primers to the DNA templates and the extension of the new DNA by Taq DNA polymerase. The Alu insert on the PV92 region of chromosome 16 is targeted and its frequency is measured according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Vanier HTK population and in the Yanomamo population of the amazon rainforest. They are compared using the chi-square statistical analysis and it was done on the bioservers.org website. The prediction that the Yanomamo population is within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is supported by the resulting p-value of 0.8350. The prediction that the Vanier HTK population is not within Hardy-Weinberg is also supported by the p-value of 0.0000. This means the two populations are significantly different and the Vanier HTK population does not meet the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium while the Yanomamo tribe does.
Introduction:
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, biology encompasses all the “life processes of an organism” (biology). Within this vast branch of science exists multiple, more specified areas of study, a relatively young one being biotechnology. Biotechnology is the “manipulation, through genetic engineering, of a living organism or their components” (biotechnology). It is an important science because it allows humans the opportunity to understand their biological processes.
A process that has intrigued scientists is the formation and use of proteins. Protein formation can be explained using the central dogma of biology:
Figure 1. The central dogma of biology: DNA is replicated and transcribed into RNA which is translated into proteins.
To understand these proteins it is thus clear that science needs to understand DNA. Biotechnology aids in manipulating,