Biology Final Review
BIO FINAL
Cells label organelles (nucleous, dna, chromatid, robosomes ,proteins in rough er in ribosomes stroma is liquid in between thylacoid membrane
Chemestry
Know essential elements for plants and animals. PH= the negative log of H+ ion concentration in water. Equation. Subtract from 14
Mitosis
divides the nucleous 4 phases: prophase: chromosomes condense metatphase: line up on eqator anaphase: pull apart telephases: nuclear membrane forming. 2 daughter cells 46 chromosomes in parent cell, > 2 daughter cells (46 chromosome each) Interphase= cell grows, DNA duplicates chromosomes, cell prepares for division
Meiosis
1 parent cell > 4 daughter cells (23 chromosomes each) gametes= sperm/egg zygote= when sperm and egg meet ( end up with 46 chromosomes) prophase 1 – crossing over metaphase 1- chromosome shuffling
DNA
made up of nucleotides. (4 nucleotides Adenine, Guanin, Cytosine, Thymine) AT, GC pair sugar: deoxyribose nitrogen containing base phosphate group Dna has 2 strands of nucleotides held by hydrogen bonds
RNA (diffrences from DNA) sugar : Ribose Uracil in place of thymine single strand temporary storage genome= total genetic makeup
Gene=
Phenotype= characteristics (what u look like)
Alleses= 2 genes that code for the same trait homologes= same chromosomes
Photsynthesis
6co2+ 6H2O Light> C6H12O6 + 6CO2 Light independent reaction cycle takes sunlight and converts it to ATP Dark reaction : Co2- aka calvin benson cycle.
2 things essential = oxygen and glucose both cycles occur in chloraplast :Light = thylacoid membrane Dark = in stroma
Respiration
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 >6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Glycolysis: occurs in Cytoplasm. 2 ATP's produced Krebs cycle – aka citric acid cycle. Occurs in Mitochondria. 2 ATP produces Electron transfer phosphorylations: occurs in Mitochondria. 32
Cells label organelles (nucleous, dna, chromatid, robosomes ,proteins in rough er in ribosomes stroma is liquid in between thylacoid membrane
Chemestry
Know essential elements for plants and animals. PH= the negative log of H+ ion concentration in water. Equation. Subtract from 14
Mitosis
divides the nucleous 4 phases: prophase: chromosomes condense metatphase: line up on eqator anaphase: pull apart telephases: nuclear membrane forming. 2 daughter cells 46 chromosomes in parent cell, > 2 daughter cells (46 chromosome each) Interphase= cell grows, DNA duplicates chromosomes, cell prepares for division
Meiosis
1 parent cell > 4 daughter cells (23 chromosomes each) gametes= sperm/egg zygote= when sperm and egg meet ( end up with 46 chromosomes) prophase 1 – crossing over metaphase 1- chromosome shuffling
DNA
made up of nucleotides. (4 nucleotides Adenine, Guanin, Cytosine, Thymine) AT, GC pair sugar: deoxyribose nitrogen containing base phosphate group Dna has 2 strands of nucleotides held by hydrogen bonds
RNA (diffrences from DNA) sugar : Ribose Uracil in place of thymine single strand temporary storage genome= total genetic makeup
Gene=
Phenotype= characteristics (what u look like)
Alleses= 2 genes that code for the same trait homologes= same chromosomes
Photsynthesis
6co2+ 6H2O Light> C6H12O6 + 6CO2 Light independent reaction cycle takes sunlight and converts it to ATP Dark reaction : Co2- aka calvin benson cycle.
2 things essential = oxygen and glucose both cycles occur in chloraplast :Light = thylacoid membrane Dark = in stroma
Respiration
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 >6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Glycolysis: occurs in Cytoplasm. 2 ATP's produced Krebs cycle – aka citric acid cycle. Occurs in Mitochondria. 2 ATP produces Electron transfer phosphorylations: occurs in Mitochondria. 32