Biology notes 7.2

Amanda Bynes 2.1 assessment
p.5 pg. 38
October 1st

1a. Describe the structure of an atom -Proton, neutron, electron
1b. An atom of calcium contains 20 protons. How many electrons does it have? -20

2b. Compare the structure of carbon-12 and carbon-13 -Carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 electrons and 6 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 6 protons, 6 electrons and 8 neutrons.

4a. What are two types of bonds that hold the atoms within a compound together? -Ionic and covalent bonds
4b. A potassium atom easily loses its one electron. What type of bond will it form with a chlorine atom? -An ionic bond

Bottom line I learned about the different structures of atoms.

Amanda Bynes 2.2 assessment
p.5 pg. 44
October 2nd

1a. What does it mean when a molecule is said to be “polar”? -Because the molecule is a bit like a magnet with two poles.
1b. How do hydrogen bonds between water molecules occur? -The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partially negative charge. 2b. Why is water such a good solvent? -Because water easily dissolves salts, sugars, minerals, gasses and even other solvents.

3b. The acid hydrogen fluoride can be dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than 7? -The pH solution would be higher than 7.

Bottom line
I learned about the different solvents.

Amanda Bynes 2.3 assessment
p.5 pg.
October 2nd

1a. What are the major elements of life? -Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

2a. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. -Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, Vander Waals forces.
2b. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound -Ionic bonds- 1 or more electrons are transferred Covalent bonds- travel about the nuclei Hydrogen bonds- Vander Waals forces- forces of attraction 3a. What atoms constitute the compound above? -C= carbon H= hydrogen O= oxygen
3b. What class of macromolecules does the compound belong to? -Carbohydrates.

Bottom line
I learned about the major elements of life which are the carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids.
(Crazy People Need Love)

Amanda Bynes 2.4 assessment
p.5 pg.
October 3rd

1b. Why is the melting of ice not a chemical reaction? -Because a chemical reaction is a process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another.

2b. Describe the difference between a reaction that occurs spontaneously and one that does not -

3a. What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
3b. Explain how enzyme work, including the role of the enzyme-substrate complex -Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react.
3c. A change in pH can change the shape of a protein. How might a change in pH affect the function of an enzyme such as carbonic anhydrase? -The substance will change.

Bottom line I learned how enzymes worked and about what they did. Amanda Bynes Benchmark Review
p.5
October 3rd

1) B
2) C
3) C
4) D
5) C
6) B
7) C
8) A
9) B
10) Oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive.

Amanda Bynes Assessment
p.5
October 3rd

4) Explain the relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds.
-Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Elements are substances that consist entirely of one type of atom and compounds are a substance formed by chemical combination.

7) Distinguish among single, double and triple covalent bonds.
-One bond, two bonds, three bonds.

12) Compared to most other substances, a great deal of heat is needed to raise the temperature of water by given. This is because water…
-c) has a high heat capacity.

13) Explain the properties of cohesion and adhesion. Give an example of each property.
-Cohesion- attraction molecules of the same substance. Ex; water.
Adhesion-Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules. Ex; water and glass molecules.

18) What does the following formula represent C) an amino acid

19) proteins are polymers formed from
c) amino acids.

21) Identify three major parts of proteins.
-Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

22) Describe the parts of a nucleotide
-5-carbon sugar, -PO4 nitrogenous base

27) Describe the two types of energy changes that might occur in a chemical reaction.
-Releases or absorbs energy.

38) At what time is the pond most acidic?
-Between noon and 6 p.m.