Bloodborne Pathogens: Hepatitis B Virus

Persons who are infected with Bloodborne Pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may not show symptoms and may not know they are infectious. For this reason, all blood and body fluids should be considered Infectious, and all precautions should be taken to avoid contact. This simple rule is known as "Universal Precautions."
Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted when blood or infectious body fluids come in contact with mucous membranes (eyes, nose, and mouth); broken skin due to cuts, abrasions, burns, rashes, or paper cuts); or by handling or touching contaminated materials or surfaces. Bloodborne pathogens are also transmitted by injection under the skin via a contaminated sharp object puncturing