The site is located at the north corner of the Sea of Galilee, on the side of the ancient road from Tiberias to the east of the sea of Galilee: Golan, Gamla and Jordan. Capernaum was the center of Jesus activities in the Galilee and his town during that time. Jesus taught in the local synagogue. It was also the home town of the apostles Peter, James, Andrew and John, and the tax collector Matthew. Capernaum first started to be inhabited during the 3rd Millennium BC and it was a small village of several houses.
Capernaum
grew larger at the time of Jesus and a synagogue was built in the center of the village. It reached its peak in the Byzantine period when the grand white-stone Synagogue was built over the earlier synagogue. The city of Capernaum was a small fishing village on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee, about two miles west of the Jordan River.
This small town was not mentioned by name in the OT and is sometimes referred to as our Lord’s own city. Matthew tells us that Jesus began his ministry here in order to
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fulfill prophecy. Jesus chose five men from around Capernaum, Peter, Andrew, James, John, and Matthew. Jesus had often stayed in Peter’s house and preached in the synagogue in Capernaum. This town was big enough to have a tax office which was overseen by Matthew. Capernaum was a hub for Jesus’ earthly activity and was in a sense the launch pad for Christendom as we know it today.