Cardiovascular Risk and Its Association with Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus and Smoking in Singapore
Cardiovascular Risk and Its Association with Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus and Smoking in Singapore
P K Lim¹, T S S Shirley¹, H Y Shi¹, L K Lau¹
¹School of Health Sciences (Nursing), Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
Abstract
Objective: To find out the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking as well as to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents in Singapore.
Design: Cross sectional study, quantitative study, convenience sampling.
Setting: Merpati Road, Macpherson, Singapore.
Participants: Two hundred and ninety two individuals aged 18 and above.
Measurements: Blood pressure using Dinamap Automatic Blood Pressure Recorder, height and waist circumference using measuring tape, weight using weighing machine
Results: Among 289 participants (115 male, 174 female), there were 1/4 of participants are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). People with hyperlipidemia (67%) have higher risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to people who do not have hyperlipidemia (P=0.001). People with diabetes mellitus (53%) have higher risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than the people without DM (P=0.042). Smokers and former smokers (63%) also have higher risk of getting heart problems than non-smokers (P=0.026).
Conclusion: People with hyperlipidemia have the highest risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) when compared to people who have diabetes mellitus (DM) and people who smoke.
Introduction
World Health Organization (2010) announced that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world’s largest killers and this disease claims as many as 17.1 million lives a year. According to the statistic from Singapore Heart Foundation (2008), 1 out of 3 deaths in Singapore is due to heart disease or stroke. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries and will be estimated as the single largest cause of disease burden
P K Lim¹, T S S Shirley¹, H Y Shi¹, L K Lau¹
¹School of Health Sciences (Nursing), Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
Abstract
Objective: To find out the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking as well as to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents in Singapore.
Design: Cross sectional study, quantitative study, convenience sampling.
Setting: Merpati Road, Macpherson, Singapore.
Participants: Two hundred and ninety two individuals aged 18 and above.
Measurements: Blood pressure using Dinamap Automatic Blood Pressure Recorder, height and waist circumference using measuring tape, weight using weighing machine
Results: Among 289 participants (115 male, 174 female), there were 1/4 of participants are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). People with hyperlipidemia (67%) have higher risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to people who do not have hyperlipidemia (P=0.001). People with diabetes mellitus (53%) have higher risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than the people without DM (P=0.042). Smokers and former smokers (63%) also have higher risk of getting heart problems than non-smokers (P=0.026).
Conclusion: People with hyperlipidemia have the highest risk of getting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) when compared to people who have diabetes mellitus (DM) and people who smoke.
Introduction
World Health Organization (2010) announced that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world’s largest killers and this disease claims as many as 17.1 million lives a year. According to the statistic from Singapore Heart Foundation (2008), 1 out of 3 deaths in Singapore is due to heart disease or stroke. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries and will be estimated as the single largest cause of disease burden
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