Cassava as ethanol
Chapter I
Introduction
The cassava (Manihot Utilissima), that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. The cassava root is long and tapered, with a firm homogeneous flesh encased in a detachable rind. In experiments, cassava yielded two to three times as much carbohydrate for fuel ethanol production (Comis, 2008).
Ethanol production from fresh cassava roots using a low-temperature process was evaluated on a pilot-plant scale. The application of low-temperature cooking to cassava starch followed by a dual enzyme action resulted in an ethanol yield comparable to that of a traditional high-temperature cooking process. Pressurized distillation gave a satisfactory recovery efficiency of ethanol but was slightly lower than that obtained from atmospheric pressure distillation. Over 40% of the normal steam consumption was saved by adopting the low-temperature cooking and pressurized distillation systems in the cassava-to-ethanol process. The yield of anhydrous ethanol varied with the starch content in fresh cassava roots and was in the range of 185 to 200 litres per tonne (Atthasampunna et.al, 2009).
As strengthen by Guindo, 2013, the world has evolved into a place where convenience is taken as a one of the major reasons why technology is at its peak in its continuous and countless innovations. These innovations are true manifestations that there is no room for being stationary and not disregard the need for continuous brilliant discoveries in order to offer fresh and up to date products and services that will be patronized by the consumers. Amidst this fascinating waves of new products and services to offer, a discovery that has been the most important source of these vivid ideas, has never been given much attention and is abused to its extent. This amazing discovery is what we call Electricity.
In today's culture, electricity is a vital part of functioning as a society. Simple tasks, such as
Introduction
The cassava (Manihot Utilissima), that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. The cassava root is long and tapered, with a firm homogeneous flesh encased in a detachable rind. In experiments, cassava yielded two to three times as much carbohydrate for fuel ethanol production (Comis, 2008).
Ethanol production from fresh cassava roots using a low-temperature process was evaluated on a pilot-plant scale. The application of low-temperature cooking to cassava starch followed by a dual enzyme action resulted in an ethanol yield comparable to that of a traditional high-temperature cooking process. Pressurized distillation gave a satisfactory recovery efficiency of ethanol but was slightly lower than that obtained from atmospheric pressure distillation. Over 40% of the normal steam consumption was saved by adopting the low-temperature cooking and pressurized distillation systems in the cassava-to-ethanol process. The yield of anhydrous ethanol varied with the starch content in fresh cassava roots and was in the range of 185 to 200 litres per tonne (Atthasampunna et.al, 2009).
As strengthen by Guindo, 2013, the world has evolved into a place where convenience is taken as a one of the major reasons why technology is at its peak in its continuous and countless innovations. These innovations are true manifestations that there is no room for being stationary and not disregard the need for continuous brilliant discoveries in order to offer fresh and up to date products and services that will be patronized by the consumers. Amidst this fascinating waves of new products and services to offer, a discovery that has been the most important source of these vivid ideas, has never been given much attention and is abused to its extent. This amazing discovery is what we call Electricity.
In today's culture, electricity is a vital part of functioning as a society. Simple tasks, such as