Cell Organelles Research Paper

The nucleus is a large membrane bound organelle. Most cells have a single nucleus though skeletal muscle can have more than one (multinucleate) or some cells such as red blood cells have no nucleus. The nucleus contains the genetic material and is where DNA replication and RNA transcription occur. The nucleus is bound by a membrane which contains nuclear pores. These pores allow RNA molecules and proteins to move in and out of the nucleus. However, this process is selective and is energy dependent. Inside the nucleus is another organelle called the nucleolus. The nucleolus is responsible for making ribosomes.
Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in it. If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would be left
Their main function is the conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into ATP. Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria. There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform lots of work, for example- your leg muscle cells, heart muscle cells etc. Other cells need less energy to do their work and have less mitochondria.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. There are two types of ER. When ribosomes are attached it is called RER and SER when there are no ribosomes attached. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where most protein synthesis occurs in the cell. The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize lipids in the cell. The smooth ER is also helpful in the detoxification of harmful substances in the cell.
Golgi complex- It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for modifying and sorting proteins into vesicles for secretion or transport. These vesicles then deliver the proteins to other cell organelles and to the plasma membrane for cell
Ribosomes are made up of two parts, called subunits. They get their names from their size. One unit is larger than the other so they are called large and small subunits. Both these subunits are necessary for protein synthesis in the cell. When the two units are docked together with a special information unit called messenger RNA, they make proteins. Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere in the body.
The organelles Lysosomes and peroxisomes are found in human cells, and their function is essential in maintaining the cell's chemical balance and removal of unwanted debris. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are membrane bound organelles which contain enzymes that remove unwanted particles. The lysosome contains digestive enzymes which break down bacteria and cell debris and play a role in the cell's immune system. In addition the metabolites that result are transported either by vesicles or directly across the membrane. Peroxisome maintains the chemical balance within the