Ch. 12 Study Guide - AP European History
1 SENTENCE: DEFINE, IDENTIFY, & EXPLAIN
1. Pasteurella pestis:
Pasterrella pestis is the disease-causing bacterium that was identified as the cause of the Black Death in 1894 by two bacteriologists, one French and one Japanese, and is known to live in the bloodstream of an animal or in the stomach of a parasite.
2. Fur-collar crime:
After the Hundred Years’ War, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, many idle noblemen committed crimes of robbery, extortion, and corruption, known as “fur-collar crimes” after the fur worn on their collars, to accumulate large sums of money.
3. Conciliar movement:
The conciliar movement promoted reform of the church through general councils that represented all of the Christian people, and it encouraged a constitutional form of church government.
4. Vernacular literature:
Vernacular literature, literature written in national languages, became widespread in the fourteenth century.
5. Craft guild:
A craft guild was an organization of workers skilled in a particular trade during the Middle Ages.
6. Hundred year’s war:
The Hundred Years' War was a series of battles fought from 1337 to 1453 between England and France for control of the French throne.
7. Joan of arc:
Joan of Arc is most famous for having captained French forces in the Battle of Orleans, in 1429.
8. Babylonian captivity:
The Babylonian Captivity refers to a period in the church’s history, from 1309 to 1376, which resulted from the conflicts between the Papacy and the French crown.
9. Lollards:
Lollards were followers of John Wyclif.
10. House of commons (the “commons”):
The Commons were the representative assemblies made up of knights and burgesses who advised the king on taxation and later came to be a separate house of parliament, the House of Commons, in 1341.
11. Jan Hus:
Jan Hus was a Czech reformer and professor at Charles University who was later burned at the stake for heresy against the teachings of the Catholic Church.
12. John
1. Pasteurella pestis:
Pasterrella pestis is the disease-causing bacterium that was identified as the cause of the Black Death in 1894 by two bacteriologists, one French and one Japanese, and is known to live in the bloodstream of an animal or in the stomach of a parasite.
2. Fur-collar crime:
After the Hundred Years’ War, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, many idle noblemen committed crimes of robbery, extortion, and corruption, known as “fur-collar crimes” after the fur worn on their collars, to accumulate large sums of money.
3. Conciliar movement:
The conciliar movement promoted reform of the church through general councils that represented all of the Christian people, and it encouraged a constitutional form of church government.
4. Vernacular literature:
Vernacular literature, literature written in national languages, became widespread in the fourteenth century.
5. Craft guild:
A craft guild was an organization of workers skilled in a particular trade during the Middle Ages.
6. Hundred year’s war:
The Hundred Years' War was a series of battles fought from 1337 to 1453 between England and France for control of the French throne.
7. Joan of arc:
Joan of Arc is most famous for having captained French forces in the Battle of Orleans, in 1429.
8. Babylonian captivity:
The Babylonian Captivity refers to a period in the church’s history, from 1309 to 1376, which resulted from the conflicts between the Papacy and the French crown.
9. Lollards:
Lollards were followers of John Wyclif.
10. House of commons (the “commons”):
The Commons were the representative assemblies made up of knights and burgesses who advised the king on taxation and later came to be a separate house of parliament, the House of Commons, in 1341.
11. Jan Hus:
Jan Hus was a Czech reformer and professor at Charles University who was later burned at the stake for heresy against the teachings of the Catholic Church.
12. John