THE JOURNAL by William Carlos Williams
Christopher Columbus’ personal account (from his journal) of his final days of his first voyage and landing on the island of San Salvador in 1492
1. September 22 – why was “the contrary wind” necessary for Columbus? Because his crew had come to believe that no wind blew towards Spain. 2. What happened on Tuesday, September 25 and then what happened the next day? Martin Alonzo thought he spotted land. The next day they realized it was only a cloud –not land. 3. Summarize important events on Saturday, October 11. 1. Saw a sandpiper and a reed (land was near) 2. Pinta – people spotted a pole and a pole of iron, a land plant and board. 3. Nina – people spotted a plant with berries. 4. The Pinta, the faster ship, found land – first seen by Rodrio de Triana 4. Saturday, October 13 – list adjectives Columbus used to describe land, trees, and fish. Trees and land -- bright green, beautiful, different, diversity, greatest wonder. Fish – wonderful, bright, finest color. 5. How did Columbus report the distance travel each day? Columbus reported the distance (in leagues = about 3 miles) traveled as LESS than the distance they really did travel. WHY did he report it this way? So his crew would not get so discouraged by the distance traveled without seeing land – moral was low. 6. October 13 – how did Columbus view the New World? He thought if was more beautiful and different from his country. It was bright, vivid colors, wonderful. The trees and land were very different and bright green – the most beautiful he had ever seen --- a garden.
JOHN SMITH – English explorer. In 1607, Smith was in charge of the first permanent English settlement