The Phoenicians
At the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, between the northern shores of Arabia and the great peninsula of Asia Minor, is the narrow coastline of Syria. In ancient times, round about 1000 B.C., the northern part of this coast was occupied by the Phoenicians, one of the most important of the ancient peoples. They had come from overseas, and in time had mixed with the native people, who were of the same race as the Hebrews, their inland neighbours.
Phoenicia was narrow country with little land for growing crops. As the people grew in numbers, they turned to the sea for a living and became daring and skilful sailors. Perhaps they learnt from the Egyptians how to build ships, and how to steer by the stars. They served the Egyptians for hundreds of year, carrying their goods all over the eastern Mediterranean. Then about 1300 B.C., when the power of the Pharaohs was passing away, they won their freedom. Soon they became the most important merchant people of the ancient world.
Phoenicia never became a united country under a single ruler, but remained a string of City States, each with its king. The wealthiest were Tyre, Sidon, Biblos (now Gebal), Acco (Acre) andUgarit, where archaeologists have been digging since 1929. Hiram, king of Tyre, was one of the most powerful Phoenician kings. He was a friend of King Solomon, and supplied him with materials and workmen to build the Temple at Jerusalem.
1. Syria is situated__________.
A. In northern Arabia
B. In Asia minor
C. Between Arabia and Asia Minor
D. Between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea
2. In line 4, “this” refers to__________.
A. The Syrian coast
B. The Arabian coast
C. The Asia Minor coast
D. The Mediterranean coast
3. The Phoenicians were__________.
A. The original inhabitants of Syria
B. The same race as the Hebrews
C. Inland people
D. People from outside Syria who had mixed with the natives of Syria.
4. The Phoenicians became a sea-faring people