Civilization

Factors that Aided Islamic Civilization Civilization (or civilization) is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labor. Such civilizations are generally hierarchical and urbanized. In a classical context, people were called "civilized" to set them apart from barbarians, savages, and primitive peoples while in a modern-day context, "civilized peoples" have been contrasted with indigenous peoples or tribal societies. Use of "civilization" and related concepts are controversial because they may imply superiority and inferiority, and may imply directionality to social changes that may or may not be realistic or desirable. After the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632, the caliphs who became leaders of the Muslims took the responsibility of spreading Islamic teachings to nearby and far away people. For about a hundred years, Islam has spread across the world. The Muslims fought wars called Jihad which contributed to the quick spread of Islamic civilization. Some of the factors that promoted the growth of Islamic civilization are discussed below.
Humanitarian Factors Seventh-century Arabian society suffered under frequent intertribal conflicts. Muhammad opposed this by creating a group that would transcend tribal affiliation and forge new compacts with other religious communities. The first Muslim community drew from every sector of Arabian society: elites prayed shoulder to shoulder with former slaves. Arabs, Persians, Abyssinians and Egyptians were drawn to the Islamic teaching that superiority is based on piety, not on family lineage or ethnicity. Non-Arabs were given positions of authority, such as Bilal ibn Rabah, the first person to issue the call to prayer and a former Abyssinian slave. Christians and Jews also converted, including Safiyah bint