Common Themes Of Cell Injury And Death
There are four common themes when looking at cell injury and death. These themes include adenosine triphosphate depletion, oxygen derived free radicals, calcium alterations, and defects in membrane permeability. Cells are unable to properly function if they lack certain important cell factors.
ATP depletion
A cell needs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate in order to function properly which is why when a cell is injured or dying, a common theme seen is lost or decreased ATP. ATP loss or a deduction in ATP synthetization is likely to cause many other problems such as swelling of the cell, a deduction in the making of proteins, error in normal membrane transporting. These resulting factors may eventually lead to an incompetent plasma membrane.
If the cell is unable to properly keep material in or out of cell body due to injury, this can lead to disease of the individual.
Oxygen derived free radicals
In order for cells to properly perform their duties from within our bodies, the cells must have an adequate amount of oxygen getting to them. When the cell is injured and is not getting the correct amount of oxygen delivered to it, this can lead to an inadequate blood supply of the cell. Oxygen derived free radicals are also a problem to the cell and can cause damage to the cell structure. This can cause further injury, thus causing the cell to die.
Calcium alternations
Calcium is important for a cells survival but the cell should also only contain low levels of the calcium for it to function as it should. If the cell is exposed to too much calcium due to damage to its plasma membrane, the cell will begin to experience internal damage. The internal damage which occurs will be cause by activated enzymes in the cell which are not supposed to be active at that time.
Defects in membrane permeability
When a cell is injured in the body, it has been found that the cell will lose selective membrane permeability early on which then begins to further damage the cell. The cell will then begin to begin cellular digestion onset of the releasing of enzymes due to lysosomal membrane damage.
When something goes wrong with a cell, this can lead to disease which is why it is important to understand common themes in cell injury and cell death.
ATP depletion
A cell needs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate in order to function properly which is why when a cell is injured or dying, a common theme seen is lost or decreased ATP. ATP loss or a deduction in ATP synthetization is likely to cause many other problems such as swelling of the cell, a deduction in the making of proteins, error in normal membrane transporting. These resulting factors may eventually lead to an incompetent plasma membrane.
If the cell is unable to properly keep material in or out of cell body due to injury, this can lead to disease of the individual.
Oxygen derived free radicals
In order for cells to properly perform their duties from within our bodies, the cells must have an adequate amount of oxygen getting to them. When the cell is injured and is not getting the correct amount of oxygen delivered to it, this can lead to an inadequate blood supply of the cell. Oxygen derived free radicals are also a problem to the cell and can cause damage to the cell structure. This can cause further injury, thus causing the cell to die.
Calcium alternations
Calcium is important for a cells survival but the cell should also only contain low levels of the calcium for it to function as it should. If the cell is exposed to too much calcium due to damage to its plasma membrane, the cell will begin to experience internal damage. The internal damage which occurs will be cause by activated enzymes in the cell which are not supposed to be active at that time.
Defects in membrane permeability
When a cell is injured in the body, it has been found that the cell will lose selective membrane permeability early on which then begins to further damage the cell. The cell will then begin to begin cellular digestion onset of the releasing of enzymes due to lysosomal membrane damage.
When something goes wrong with a cell, this can lead to disease which is why it is important to understand common themes in cell injury and cell death.