Fentanyl is an opioid that provides analgesic; according to the FDA, fentanyl is a schedule II drug, that is considered dangerous (YEAR). The only time fentanyl should be used is in a supervised medical setting or under supervised medical care (example, a patient in chronic pain wearing a fentanyl patch- which slowly diffuses the fentanyl transdermally to the fat underneath, which then takes the fentanyl to the whole body; lasts approximately two to three days) The original purpose of fentanyl was to only act as an anesthetic, and now it can also be used to help those in chronic pain (most commonly cancer patients). Fentanyl has many benefits when used appropriately, but when it is abused it causes catastrophic damage to many aspects of…
The Dreamcrosser Squad, a squad of three puffballs; Shifuto, Surasshu and Alpha, who are on a mission to stop a corrupt soul. This corrupt soul is known as Medlex, who is really a robot puffball that is possessed by some type of impure ghost. Both The Dreamcrosser Squad and Medlex have the same motive, but different purposes: getting the Legendary Stars. Medlex wants to use them to destroy the universe, while The Dreamcrosser Squad want to use them for good, which is why they had become arch-nemeses.…
Reforms in prisons and insane asylums began to take flight in America as Dorothea Dix, an American reformer, began advocating for safe places for the mentally unstable to reside. Her pursuit of such an institution began in 1941. Dix helped to form five phychiatric hospitals in America. Phychiatric hospitals were given a bad reputation when some hospitals were not treating the patients, rather their main concern was giving the mentally unstable a place to stay where they would not be a disturbance to the rest of society. Also during this time, prisons were holding anyone who had commited massive crimes to those who were unworthy of arrest. Men, women, and children were all detained the same prisons despite the severity of their crimes. Because…
Around 1960 and 1970 the attitudes concerning the mentally ill were changing in the community and the mental health field. Both of these communities were beginning to realize that the mentally ill could live by themselves within the community. Before this realization, many of these mentally ill people were living in an institution of some kind locked away, and medicated, to keep them apart from normal society. Now they were interacting with the general public as well as law enforcement. Often times when they met due to an issue it had an unfortunate outcome.(Rusell)…
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (also known by its abbreviation CBT) was primarily developed through an integration of behavior therapy (first popularized by Edward Thorndike) with cognitive therapy (developed by Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis). The first discrete, intentionally therapeutic approach to CBT to be developed was Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), which was originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid-1950's. Ellis developed his approach in reaction to his disliking of the in-efficient and in-directive nature of Psychoanalysis. The philosophic origins of RET go back to the Stoic philosophers, including Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions found common ground in focusing on the "here and now", and on alleviating symptoms. CBT is a short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behaviour that are behind people’s difficulties, and so change the way they feel. CBT is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists use the Cognitive Model to help clients overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. Cognitive therapy has been found to be effective in more than 1000 outcome studies for a myriad of psychiatric disorders, including;…
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One figure was an American psychiatrist who changed and develop the ways of mental health. His name was Henry Aloysius Cotton. He flipped the tables of treatments mentally ill people receive at his time even if some treatments were deemed inhumane. Dr. Cotton…
In the beginning, patients with a mental illness were treated as if they had a physical illness. Mental patients were subject to living in horrific conditions, and were treated brutally. In the late 1800s, a pioneer named Dorothea Dix fought to improve the conditions for the mentally ill. She was responsible for founding state hospitals in nine…
As a class, we watched the movie, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, which is regarded as a classic film that left a lasting impact on how viewers view treatments of various mental illnesses. The procedures such as lobotomies, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were harsh and give to patients without any thought to the lasting effects on their minds. The treatments seemed a way to keep the patients under control. After seeing the movie, the audiences viewed the treatments for mental illness as dangerous, inhumane and used with abandonment. The show also brought to light how patients were treated in a large mental institutions, making them question how awful mental healthcare was and how much it needed to improve. The film depicts the several psychology phenomena.…
Often called “The Father of Modern Psychiatry,” he composed the first textbook regarding diseases of the mind. He personally believed that the causes of mental disabilities were complications with the blood vessels in the brain (Ozarin). Unlike most people of his time, he pursued medical treatment for patients because he did not accredit their mental diseases to moral offenses. “Mental illness [must] be freed from moral stigma, and be treated with medicine rather than moralizing” (“Pennsylvania Hospital History…”). Rush’s career and medical intentions were to humanize the way that patients in the psychiatric ward were treated (“Benjamin Rush…”). These methods included, hot and cold baths, bleeding, purging, and some of his own invention: the tranquilizer chair, which was put in place of the straitjacket while still coercing the patient to complete a specific task that they would not normally do based on their psychological condition, and the gyrator which was, “based on the principle of centrifugal action to increase cerebral circulation…” (“Benjamin Rush…”). Benjamin Rush was the first man in America to put the needs of the patient first and he was the man who actually reformed the manner of which patients in mental hospitals were…
Dix said that the mentally ill needed treatment, not punishment. Eventually, Dorothea Dix wrote about her gathered information about the unbearable acts that were seen. After reading her report, lawmakers agreed to create asylums publically for the mentally ill.…
This thought of others assuming responsibility for those deemed ‘insane’ continued throughout the nineteenth century as well. However, the more populated and industrialized America became, the more accounts there were of insane people locked up and chained somewhere. Many families would do this in order to ‘protect’ the mentally ill from harming both themselves, and others. Unfortunately, along with this increase, the communities also increased in their general fear toward the ill, meaning that most became unwilling to support them as they had in the small communities of colonial America. Instead, many were sent to jail, where they were kept with both violent and minor criminals, debtors, and murderers (Brinkley). Those who were neither in jail, nor locked away at home, suffered in “hospitals” or institutions where they were most often abused as a form of ‘treatment’(Tomes). Before the reforms spurred by Dorothea Dix in asylum culture, not much headway was made on the subject of mental illness. Fortunately, throughout these reforms in the nineteenth century, the prior social traditions in America toward people with mental illnesses changed, allowing for…
During the 1900s people viewed mental illness as a disease of individual weakness or a spiritual disease, in which the mentally ill were sent to asylums. This was a temporary solution in hope to remove “lunatics” from the community. This caused a severe overcrowding, which led to a decline in patient care and reviving the old procedures and medical treatments. Early treatments to cure mental illness were really forms of torture. Asylums used wrist and ankle restraints, ice water baths, shock machines, straightjackets, electro-convulsive therapy, even branding patients, and the notorious lobotomy and “bleeding practice”. These early treatments seen some improvement in patients, although today this eras method of handling the mentally ill is considered barbaric, the majority of people were content because the “lunatics” were no longer visible in society.…
There are many different icons in society that inspire fear into the hearts of mankind, from Dracula to Frankenstein; however, insane asylums found their way into American culture in earlier centuries and have risen to a source of terror and misery. Asylums are still feared today based on their practices and behaviors up until the 20th century when drastic changes in both the culture and laws of society changed. Nevertheless, their bad reputation has followed them throughout the years and will seemingly cling on to the institutions for the rest of time. As thoughts and views of mental illness have changed in recent decades, asylums too…
Today however people now accept the mentally ill better in society, there are laws that protect them, and now they are treated properly according to their illness. Back then there were many incorrect treatments and facilities to treat the mentally ill, but as time has passed the types of treatments have greatly improved. There were a variation of treatments for the sick in the 1930s, psychiatrist would use different versions of shock therapy, Insulin, Metrazol, and electroconvulsive therapy. All of these therapies usually included seizures because psychiatrist claimed that they could shock the illnesses out of them (Freeman).…