Preview

Comparison Of Rene Descartes, John Locke, And George Berkeley

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1788 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Comparison Of Rene Descartes, John Locke, And George Berkeley
Faith is how I choose to believe that our existence is beyond material and is comprised of mind and spirit. Rene’ Descartes, John Locke, and George Berkeley offer several arguments to affirm their views on materialism. The intention of this paper is to discuss the aforementioned approach to materialism as it aligns with Berkley’s position. The foundation for this discussion will explain how Descartes, Locke, and Berkeley describe the nature of physical things and how they compare and contrast with each other’s views. Furthermore, it will point out the dilemmas and plausibility within their positions. Descartes asserts that physical objects exist. He does this by suggesting that there may be other causes for our perception of these materials, …show more content…
However, if his intention is to make our minds cognizant of material objects that aren’t really present, then this is a deception. God is no deceiver, and how do we know this, according to Descartes? God’s very nature is good and, by definition would not deceive us as it would be a contradiction of his essence. Moreover, no Demon or evil entity could have fooled one’s mind into believing that there are physical objects either, as this would be a deception as well. God is in control of how the world is manifested in our minds. Therefore, God has not generated false visualizations of materials by himself or any evil entities; physical objects really do …show more content…
Descartes assumes that everyone else’s imagination is just like his. Is it possible that when others think of a physical object, it is just as vivid in their mind as it is when they perceive said object? They may not be able to distinguish a mental image versus their perception. Furthermore, Descartes’ explanation about God as a deceiver is incomplete. Descartes does not thoroughly explain that God is good just by his nature. He simply states that God is good and not deceptive, by explaining that what is good and not deceptive, is

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Methods and Meditations on First Philosophy is a discourse by Rene Descartes, which largely focuses on the nature of humanity and divinity. This essay is a discussion of this discourse, and will summarize, explain and object to various parts of his work. The majority of this essay focuses on Descartes Sixth Meditation, which includes his argument that corporeal things do exist.…

    • 1886 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    [ 7 ]. A VIEW OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF DESCARTES, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. 18, No. E. H. (Penn State University PressStable 3 July, 1884),p.g 230…

    • 1278 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cartesian Dualism Flaws

    • 1061 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In Meditations on First Philosophy, René Descartes concludes that we are distinct from our body, and can exist without it. Seen from a modern materialist’s perspective, Descartes’ view is quite obviously wrong. However, assuming no knowledge of modern science, we should still be able to disprove his conclusion by looking for flaws in his reasoning in the text. In this essay, I will examine three relevant arguments Descartes presents in his sixth meditation and point out their flaws respectively.…

    • 1061 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Descartes knows that his image of everything he knows is built on his sense experiences which make them unreliable so he must tear down everything he knows and start again with the foundations of true knowledge. Descartes realizes that he is often convinced when he is dreaming that the things he sees are real objects. An example could be that I KNOW that I am sitting at a computer writing this paper, but while I am dreaming I can dream the exact same thing and be completely convinced that is it real. After pondering this situation Descartes realizes that though the things we see in dreams are fake, they can be drawn from real objects. Even though we may dream of something completely new, Descartes concluded, we cannot doubt simple universal units and the parts they represent such as time, size, shapes, etc. This helps Descartes to discover that we cannot doubt the studies of simple things (such as geometry) but instead can doubt the studies of more collected ideas such as medicine and…

    • 321 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In Descartes’ First Meditation, Descartes’ overall intention is to present the idea that our perceptions and sensations are flawed and should not be trusted entirely. His purpose is to create the greatest possible doubt of our senses. To convey this thought, Descartes has three main arguments in the First Meditation: The dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon “or evil genius”. Descartes’ dream argument argues that there is no definite transition from a dream to reality, and since dreams are so close to reality, one can never really determine whether they are dreaming or not. To reinforce that argument, Descartes presents the deceiving God argument. He says that since God is all powerful, then he has the power to deceive us about reality or our dreams. But again, Descartes feels this argument is missing something, which is why he concludes with the evil genius argument. The evil genius argument’s purpose is to tie all these arguments together and strengthen Descartes’ entire argument. The evil genius argument goes like this: God is omnipotent and supremely good, which means God cannot be the one who deceives humans, rather, a separate entity -- an "evil genius, [who is] supremely powerful and clever, who has directed his entire effort at deceiving me" (Descartes 492). By deceiving, I mean tricking humans that their sensations and perceptions are real, when they are indeed not real. To overcome this evil genius, Descartes says he will regard all external things as “hoaxes of my dreams, with which he (the evil genius) lays snares for my credulity” (Descartes 492). In this analysis, I will further discuss Descartes’ arguments in the First Meditation, the purpose of the evil genius argument, how Descartes attempts to overcome the power of this great deceiver, and ultimately why his attempt is…

    • 1451 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    In Descartes’ Meditations, Descartes aims to reshape the whole of science by starting from foundations that can be deductively proven. I will briefly summarise and criticise the important parts of the meditations on which his dualist argument rests and then go through each of the arguments that he raises in order to prove the distinctness of mind and body and critique each of them. I will focus on the logic behind his arguments, finding holes in his strategy and places where he fails to prove the next step. With this I will show that Descartes is not successful in showing that there is a real distinction between mind and body.…

    • 2259 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    To further understand this, we have to understand how each man came to these beliefs. Descartes came to the conclusion that he could not trust his senses due to the fact that they weren't totally reliable via a chain of reasoning that held nothing as automatically 'true'. In spite of the fact that his senses were not completely reliable, the fact that they did sense something was proof enough that material existed because that is what his physical senses were limited to.…

    • 490 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Descartes states that he is certain that he is a thinking think. All thinking beings have ideas. These ideas must have a starting point, a place that these ideas were formed, that these ideas came from. Descartes then continues to explain that although people can be deceived by their senses and their ideas, why would God allow us to be deceived by our senses? For it is this God that has given us these senses and has given us this Earth. If the existence of God is false, then how do we know if we are truly being deceived? This matter of deception is something that Descartes constantly relates back too. He does this in order to provide a starting point so that he can then use deductive reasoning to reach a conclusion. Descartes claims that the cause of an idea must have at least as much formal reality as the idea has objective reality (formal reality meaning what something actually is and objective reality meaning how that something appears to us using our sense). Descartes explains how he, and us, all have an idea of God in our minds. This idea must have come from somewhere. This he explains using deductive reasoning. We have an idea of God, let A represent this idea, and we can say that the actual God can be represented using B. The idea of God (A) must be caused by something, which is at least as perfect or real as the actual God (B). The…

    • 1697 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In his powerful philosophical treatise, “Meditations on First Philosophy: Meditation II”, Descartes remains persistent in his argument concerning doubt. Descartes expresses the probability that the knowledge concerning external things is possibly invalid due to the consequences caused by the actions of a wicked demon. Descartes continues to pursue along with his argument by stating that some things that must be true is his existence and his nature as a thinking man. Descartes declares that his body is more easily apparent though his mind then through his actual body. For Descartes to better explain his statement, he compares his statement to a piece of wax in an effort to make it easier to understand. Descartes melts the wax to demonstrate…

    • 199 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    us which logical possibility correctly describes reality; and as property dualism is just as logically possible as substance dualism, the latter cannot be the right account of the mind and body. What Descartes needs to show (to secure the success of his argument, i.e. demonstrate that the mind and the body are separate substances) is that it is logically impossible for the mind and body to be the same substance; but, as he fails to do this, I must reject his conceivability argument, and Cartesian dualism in general as the right account of mind and body. A further criticism of substance dualism asks how one can conceptually reconcile the interaction between the physical (the body) and the non-physical (the mind). This can be demonstrated by…

    • 843 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Through Descartes first three meditations he arrives at a conclusion that the only things we know with absolute certainty are, that my own thoughts and god exist. He solidifies this stance by two foundational arguments laid out in the first meditation to build off of. I find that these arguments to reach these beliefs to be flawed by Descartes own reasoning and by scientific advancements made since his time. Before I can debate these arguments I need to outline Descartes purpose and reasoning for them. Then I will present my case and justifications on why Descartes process of reaching his beliefs is unconvincing.…

    • 1058 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Descartes’ argument fails to be completely convincing because he assumes all people possess the same innate ideas about God and a cause isn't always as great as its effect. Following Meditation II Descartes has established that he is a thinking thing. However, he still possess doubt as to whether or not he is being deceived.…

    • 652 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The primary source above (Aerial view of the site and the pavilions) directly shows the location and attractions of Expo 67. For instance, one can see the various pavilions such as the nine-story inverted pyramid: the Canadian Pavilion, or the giant glass sphere: the US pavilion. The source indirectly reveals the magnitude of the event by displaying the large space, infrastructure and quantity of pavilions that were built solely for Expo 67. Expo 67, less commonly known as the 1967 World Exhibition, was an annual event to showcase the progression of various nations around the world. Typically the event is held by any country who wished to volunteer their land and time to run the event.…

    • 1849 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    When I picture a driver, in control of the vehicle and the road, I picture my dad on one of our long car trips. He always seemed sure of himself and the decision he was making on the road, even after hours in the car.…

    • 482 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Separation of Powers devised by the framers of the Constitution was designed to do one primary thing: to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. Based on their experience, the framers shied away from giving any branch of the new government too much power.. This is why they implemented the separation of powers and also the checks and balances system.…

    • 947 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays