Criminal due process grants all people to be treated fairly and equally, especially to a citizen accused of a crime. The 5th amendment states that the federal government that cannot deprive of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law. The 14th states, among other things, that no state shall deprive anyone of either "due process of law" or of the "equal protection of the law. An example of this would be Murry v. Maryland, University of Maryland School of Law rejected black applicants only because of their race.
An arrest is defined as the detaining someone by legal authority and take into custody. Search and seizure and arrest go hand and hand because they can both fall under the 4th amendment. The 4th amendment provides protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. Probable cause must justify to warrantless arrest a person. A police officer must have the guilt of the suspect based on the facts and information prior to the arrest. In the case of Terry v. Ohio (1968), three men were approached by an officer and they were frisked by the officer and were convicted because the office found concealed weapons on them. The case was appealed and overturned because the officer violated the 4th amendment.
Interrogation, Miranda, and the right to counsel and all fall under the 5th and 6th amendment. The 5th amendment gives the right to self-incrimination and the 6th amendment gives the individual the right to counsel. The case of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963). Mr. Gideon could not afford counsel when he went to trial for breaking into a poolroom. He was convicted and spent many years researching his case. He was repealed his case and the ruling was in Gideon's favor.