As culture plays an important role in framing the pirorities of the negotiators, negotiating skills are not value free and expectations for outcome differ at the negotiating table. Therefore, international business negotiations, which involve parties from two widely dissimilar cultures can be problematic. According to the US Department of Commerce, for example, for every successful Japanese- American negotiation there are 25 failures. In this context the…
References: Lieh-Ching Chang (2003, March). An examination of cross-cultural negotiation: Using Hofstede framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 2(2), 567-570. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 288015351).…
Prestwich, R. 2007. “Cross-Cultural Negotiating: A Japanese-American Case Study from Higher Education”. International Negotiation Vol.12, (No.1): pp 29 – 55.…
Readers will find this textbook on negotiations to be broadly accessible and very informative. The third edition has been substantially updated and revised to reflect current negotiations research. Thirteen chapters are presented in four parts. The first chapters focus on the basic elements of conflict and negotiation. Part Two examines the processes of communication, persuasion, and ethical judgment. Part Three explores external influences on negotiations, including the social context, coalition or group participation, individual personality differences, and cultural factors. The final chapters discuss ways for parties and third-parties to address breakdowns in the negotiation process. The text includes a bibliography and a comprehensive index.…
Adair, W., Brett, J., Lempereur, A., Okumura, T., Shikhirev, P., Tinsley, C. and Lytle, A. (2004), Culture and Negotiation Strategy. Negotiation Journal, 20: 87–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1571-9979.2004.00008.x…
This role play activity about negotiation upon a given topic inspires me a lot. I indeed realized that the importance of successfully applying negotiation tactics when it comes to settle and solve disputes. Through the negotiation process, I felt that exchange, rationality, and emotional appeal are the most useful ones.…
First negotiations in this class showed me that I was not prepared well for them. It was difficult for me, because I was not sure if I was negotiating in the right way or not. I think that when you have real negotiations you have more time to do your homework, to set up your goals and results which you want to get. It is always easier when you know your target, points which you can lose or gain. In my case, I realized how to do it after the third lesson when we tried to negotiate about multiple issues. Negotiations are not simple things. Sometimes you need to lose in some moments to gain in main one. Now I can see it, I can feel when it is important something for a person or not. In negotiations you always have a chance to know it. If somebody gives up very quickly it means that this issue or moment does not play a great role for him. Moreover, in the beginning of this course I thought that I am a…
Negotiation is an important activity in our lives. Knowingly and unknowingly, we negotiate almost every day with our friends, colleagues, family members and sometimes, even with ourselves. Academically negotiation is defined as a formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement. We use negotiations to achieve our goals, realize our expectations, work out a compromise or simply avoid trouble with others. It is a process by which we try to resolve differences of opinion or conflicting interests. The module conducted on negotiation explained negotiation as a decision making or problem solving process that involved two or more parties who are in a state of conflict with each other, because of opposing interests, concerns, values, beliefs, emotions, etc. The objective of the module was to simply demonstrate that negotiation is a kind of conflict resolution or settlement process in which the parties to the negotiation try to achieve their respective goals by various means of effective communication and strategy. My basic understanding of the negotiation process was questioned as I was conditioned to approaching the negotiation stage with a situational approach. This simply means I had a preconceived outcome that I would like to attain even before the negotiation had started. Commonly, these situational outcomes involve a win-win situation, a win-lose situation, and a lose-lose situation. Being pre-conditioned to these situational outcomes, one tends to rely on previously tried or tested negotiation techniques. Similar to communication, one would gravitate towards the adoption of that technique that he/she may be comfortable with, in the case of negotiations, a technique that suits their personality. The approach undertaken by the tutors in order to demonstrate the negotiation process was unique and rather interesting. Having a perspective of a professional strengthens concepts and encourages learning, furthermore, normal negotiations usually involves…
Negotiating in business requires taking into consideration numerous factors, and when it comes to cross-cultural business, an increasingly important role belongs to nonverbal communication. According to Hendon, Hendon, and Herbig (1996): "Nonverbal behavior may be defined as any behavior, intentional or unintentional, beyond the words themselves that can be interpreted by a receiver as having meaning". It may include eye contact, body movements, gestures, facial expressions, touch, time, and differs in various countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze nonverbal behavior in intercultural communication between the managers or entrepreneurs of one country, on the example of Nigeria, and those of other countries, i.e. non-Nigerians, during business transactions.…
A good negotiation tactics can foster open negotiations and avoid positioning (Zack, 1993). The tactics used by the team appeared to work…
Negotiation is an everyday fact of life and it is bound to occur whenever two parties have differing opinions and they need to seek a middle ground. Devoid of communication lines, there can be no negotiation. Therefore, this rule is essential. Lines of communication are the life-blood of a negotiation. Master negotiators foster their communication lines, and where lines are weak, they seek to develop new ones. Developing rapport with the other party eases the stress of negotiating and improves the likelihood of a successful outcome. This is especially crucial in instances where the parties will have a long-term relationship after negotiations closure (Noble, 2001). This essay seeks to reflect on my own negotiation style from which I will develop a plan to improve my personal negotiation skills based…
Culture can influence business in different ways, and culture is one of these obstacles that can affect the entire cooperation between two countries. Language problems and culture collisions are not uncommon, especially in the beginning. A negotiator must be able to handle these difficulties in a way that is satisfying also for the other part. Mistakes can be difficult to correct and can destroy the entire operation of negotiation.…
Negotiation is a fact of life. Negotiation takes place every day. Standard strategies for negotiation often leave people dissatisfied, worn out or alienated – and frequently all three. Standard ways to negotiation included both hard and soft ways. Soft negotiators want to avoid personal conflict and so make concessions readily in order to reach agreement. He wants an amicable resolution, yet he often ends up exploited and feeling bitter. The hard negotiator seems any situation as a contest of…
Negotiation theorists have pointed out several approaches to negotiation. Fisher, Ury and Patton (1991) not only distinguish between positional bargaining, which is competitive, and also make the distinction between soft, hard, and principled negotiation, the latter of which is based on cooperative principles, which look out for oneself as well as one's opponent.…
Negotiations are a frequent part of international business. Parties involved in a negotiation face different problems in reaching a successful outcome. When parties have different cultural backgrounds the faced problems becomes even more complex.…