A. Definition
It is the performance of any physical activity for the improvement of health or correction of physical deformity.
B.Types of Exercises
Below are the common forms of exercises.
1. Strength and Muscular Endurance Exercises
Strength is the ability to exert force against resistance. Strength is needed for optimal performance in daily activities like sitting, walking, doing household chores, and meeting emergencies in the house. This strength is best gained in a regular programme of systematic strength exercises.
There are three main types of exercises designed to build strength as follows:-
a) Active Exercises - This is where there is a voluntary effort by an individual to construct the muscles. Active exercises may be isotonic or isometric. With the former, the muscle fibres shorten and cause movement at a joint, thus enabling a part of the body to be moved. In isometric exercises, the movement does not occur because the muscle tension is increased but the fibres don't shorten.
b) Passive Exercises - These are carried out by the individual with the assistance of another person. In this, the person moves the body part as far as possible and the helper then moves it through the remainder of the motion.
c) Resistive Exercises - This is the contraction of a muscle against an opposing force. An example is lifting heavy weights.
2. Flexibility Exercises
This refers to exercises that cause a range of motion in the joints of the body. Flexibility can be lost by those who remain in a sedentary position for extended periods of time like students, office workers, and T.V. viewers.
These exercises should be done slowly without jerking the muscles involved. When the stretching exercises become painful, there is a possibility that connective tissues and muscle fibres are damaged. These exercises should become part of the normal regimen to any exercise programme. For example, before participating in a running exercise, include