Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer
INTRODUCTION:
Now a day's communication is vital for the entire world, nothing happens without communication. The cell radio communication and wireless computer networks of GSM (Global System Mobile), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) type are worldwide communication systems. All these communication systems are based on the reference model OSI-RM (Open System Interconnection-Reference Model)
Description of OSI-RM System:
OSI-RM is an International Standard ISO that defines a set of rules worldwide valid for designing the communication protocols, with a view to facilitating the interconnection of the hardware and software devices, no matter their producer [1, 2]. The structure of this model is highlighted in figure 1. As this figure presents, this model allows the transfer of data flow among the clients from the network, which is hierarchically organized on seven layers. The first four layers care specific for communication equipment's having specialized functions implemented on a hardware platform.
The next three layers refer to any software network application existing on different servers, computers or specialized communication equipment. As the present paper is focused on the second layer of OSI System, the data link layer is next briefly presented.
AODV (Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector):
This is a reactive protocol, which performs Route Discovery using control messages route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) whenever a node wishes to send packets to destination. To control network wide broadcasts of RREQs, the source node uses an expanding ring search technique. The forward path sets up an intermediate node in its route table with a lifetime association RREP. When either destination or intermediate node using moves, a route error (RERR) is sent to the affected source node. When source node receives the (RERR), it can reinitiate route if the route is still needed. Neighborhood information is obtained from broadcast Hello
INTRODUCTION:
Now a day's communication is vital for the entire world, nothing happens without communication. The cell radio communication and wireless computer networks of GSM (Global System Mobile), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) type are worldwide communication systems. All these communication systems are based on the reference model OSI-RM (Open System Interconnection-Reference Model)
Description of OSI-RM System:
OSI-RM is an International Standard ISO that defines a set of rules worldwide valid for designing the communication protocols, with a view to facilitating the interconnection of the hardware and software devices, no matter their producer [1, 2]. The structure of this model is highlighted in figure 1. As this figure presents, this model allows the transfer of data flow among the clients from the network, which is hierarchically organized on seven layers. The first four layers care specific for communication equipment's having specialized functions implemented on a hardware platform.
The next three layers refer to any software network application existing on different servers, computers or specialized communication equipment. As the present paper is focused on the second layer of OSI System, the data link layer is next briefly presented.
AODV (Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector):
This is a reactive protocol, which performs Route Discovery using control messages route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) whenever a node wishes to send packets to destination. To control network wide broadcasts of RREQs, the source node uses an expanding ring search technique. The forward path sets up an intermediate node in its route table with a lifetime association RREP. When either destination or intermediate node using moves, a route error (RERR) is sent to the affected source node. When source node receives the (RERR), it can reinitiate route if the route is still needed. Neighborhood information is obtained from broadcast Hello