Throughout Meditation One in The Meditation of the First Philosophy, Descartes reflects on a number of falsehoods he has believed throughout his life. He does this to create a system in order to clarify whether they are true or false, so that he can build a basic structure from which future knowledge can be based. This approach is called Method of Doubt. Doubt is defined as a feeling of uncertainty. Descartes opens Mediation One by stating that if he wants to establish information that is firm and lasting in the sciences, he would have to begin from the earliest foundations from which his current knowledge has been built upon. He establishes that the task includes breaking down the components that make up his general knowledge.…
In Cynthia Rylant’s short story, “Papa's Parrot,” the main character, a 12-year-old boy named Harry Tillian who can't seem to spare the time to visit his papa at the family candy store during the afternoons. I firmly believe that the message in this story is to always appreciate the people around you before it's too late.…
In the poem, “A Summer’s Evening Meditation”, Anna Barbuald uses rich imagery to depict a unique journey across the universe through the use of contemplation, the desire to know and questions that sparks the speaker’s curiosity. The desire that we as humans have to know is the aspect of what this poem highlights. Barbuald allows the speaker to contemplate through the creation of God to find that inner peace and strengthen her relationship with the divine. The speaker first contemplates, then asks questions and later on she wants to know new knowledge to surpass the old knowledge she already knows.…
It can be said that American Literature has been profoundly influenced by specific era’s and their philosophies; some including Puritanism, Deism, Existentialism, etc. All of the above - mentioned, as well as others, impact American Literature with its new ideas culturally, socially, and politically. Ranging from poems to short stories, each of these systems of beliefs contributed from their authors, creating ideas that stayed with the American people.…
This meditation makes emphasis in analyzing the things that someone can really call knowledge and that if there is even a slight reason to question whether you are right or not you should then dump everything you deed based from those principles, and be left with only the foundations of the principle. Scientific knowledge is a good example for this meditation because according to Descartes: “Physics, astronomy, medicine, and other disciplines which depend on the study of composite things are doubtful”; while subjects like arithmetic “deal only with the most simple and general things contain something certain and indubitable” (Descartes pg 167). Science relies in facts, but most of these facts can be prove wrong for example: A theory is a widely and likeable explanation to an event, yet it only has the word “possible” because an event or discovery may happen, and could really question the reliability of the theory and if wrong, then scientist will have to start from zero again in order to solve the problem. Although this may sound unlikely to happen today, there had been theories such as the “flat/centric earth” that people believed to be true some hundreds of years ago, but were proven wrong by scientist later…
Other than the Cogito stating ‘so long as I continue to think I am something,’ which was determined to be a first principle in the First Meditations, another self-evident truth arises in the beginning of the Third Meditation that is a crucial antecedent for Descartes’ belief system regarding the existence of God. This first principle explicitly states that everything Descartes’ thinking being clearly and distinctly perceives is true. A few other important claims are made in the Third Mediation that are especially relevant to the Fifth Mediations, such as the claim that ideas considered alone in their own right cannot be outwardly false. Accounting for intuitive error, Descartes elaborates that even though ideas might have proceeded from things outside him, it does not follow that these ideas must resemble those outside things. An idea for a substance however, or something that exists in itself, has a greater objective reality than ideas without a substance, because it is more clear and distinct. It is from this foundation that Descartes’ idea of God is defined as, “a certain substance that is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent and supremely powerful.”…
The essence of the main argument in the fourth Meditation of Descartes is to establish that there is a difference between God: his creator and himself, and how this difference does not taint the infinite abilities of God. Descartes commences his argument by first establishing his idea of being a thinking being. In his previous book, The Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy he sates,…
Given the scenario that the Meditator is all alone in the universe and using not what is said, but what isn’t said in Descartes’ argument, it is impossible for the Meditator to actually exist. Descartes argues that he “is at least a thing that thinks” (Descartes 19). Reversing the argument, if his mind has nothing to think about, it cannot think. Therefore, without thought, he is not something that thinks and,ergo, is not something that is. For one to have a thought, intentionality is necessary. Intentionality is “the power of minds to be about, to represent, or to stand for, things, properties and states of affairs” (Stanford Encyclopedia). In this situation, the Meditator cannot have intentionality for objects that do not exist. For example, if a person lives in an environment without trees, conversation about trees instigated by a visitor from an environment with trees would be impossible to understand. The person that has never seen, touched, or smelled a tree wouldn’t be able to have thoughts about it. This shows how thoughts cannot exist in such a situation because intentionality is the key premise for a thought to occur. The argument boils down to whether or not the Mediator can exist in such a scenario. The strongest point that proves that the Meditator cannot exist is that to be able to exist one must have thoughts. In a world with objects, every human exists because they have objects for which to think…
I think DeCartes in a way is perfectionist that he does not want to come always sum up to conclusion but rather he formulated the Cartesian method where: first is to start with an empty mind, second is to divide the problem, third is to reflect upon the problem (combine the divided the problem and also proceed from simple to complex), fourth is to repeat the procedure again and again to make sure no errors are made. When you think, analyze, formulate, create hypothesis, create a solution... Often times great results, perhaps great truth, is revealed. Of course, not all the time there is one final answer to everything. It's inevitable for a lot of people to seek for divine intervention and DeCartes, after all his doubts and meditation, still ended up believing in God as the master planner. Also, in Meditation V, he stated that science and religion are not necessarily contradictory but rather maybe complimentary entities.…
After this doubt Descartes reasons that rather than a Deity, it is an evil demon that deceives him. Here he starts to doubt things such as the sky, air, Earth, colors, figures, and sounds. He attributes these to being mere illusions of dreams. By the end of Meditation one, Descartes has doubted his senses, his prospect of reality, God, and an evil demon. All of these things lead him back to where he started at the beginning of his writing. He even states himself that he has “fallen back into the train of my former beliefs.” With this, Descartes has chosen to retreat back under his personal blanket of ignorant…
When approaching meditation as a novice like anything new you begin to categorize and assign key ideas based on the generalization of the word. One would expect when discussing the topic of mediation key components would arise to conform to the American Heritage Dictionary definition, “a devotional exercise of contemplation or a contemplative discourse” (Heritage, 1982). In such an exercise as mediation how would a simple subject of civility impact your ability to reflect and improve on upon yourself? Forni proposes that, “as a society we take a new, close look at that intriguing code of behavior based on respect, restraint and responsibility we call civility” (M., 2002, p.14); with in mind, one can correlate the relationship civility plays in mediation with Forni’s book Choosing Civility.…
In the "Mediations of First Philosophy" Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debate some of Descartes premises that make his argument an unsound one, including circular reasoning. Finally, I will see if his unsound argument has diminished and undermined his principal goals and the incorrigible foundation of knowledge.…
Overall, meditation is the way to disclose reality because it is a deeper understanding than thinking. Meditation is a way to keep the mind and body in peace and recognizing the Self compared to thinking which can cause stress and eagerness to the mind and…
So now that there is a working definition, what effect does mediation have or is it simply a spiritual waste of time? In one journal they scientists presented the idea of meditation being able to enrich western psychology through cognition and attention, mental training and development. In this paper we shall examine its effects by looking at the emotional, cognitive, and physiological effects of meditation and let the facts speak for themselves.…
René Descartes begins his first meditation by calling all our current beliefs to suspicion. His purpose of this practice was to stripe away all the falsehoods that we have acquired since childhood by the use of our senses. He also wanted to build anew a stable foundation of beliefs that he can be certain are of undeniably truths.…