Define Primary, Secondary, And Tertiary Prevention Case Study

1. Define Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary prevention.
Primary prevention is an action taken to prevent the development of a disease in a person who is well and does not have the disease in question. For an example, immunization and reducing the exposure of a risk factor.
Secondary prevention is the identification of people in whom a disease process has already begun but the clinical signs and symptoms of the illness have not yet developed. For an example, screening for cancer.
Tertiary prevention includes prevention of complications in people who are already developed signs and symptoms of an illness and have been diagnosed with a disease. Example, rehabilitation for stroke.
Source: Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia,
True or False: Prevention and treatment of a single specific disease are exclusive activities that do not occur together when providing care to a patient.
False. Prevention and treatment of a disease is important in maintaining the health of a person as well as to treat a disease. Treatment of a disease includes the major components of prevention. When an illness is treated, the death is prevented, patient complications is prevented and the constellation of effects on the family is also prevented. Therefore, the separation between therapy and prevention is an illusion. Therapy includes secondary and tertiary prevention that is the prevention of complications such as disability. Therefore, prevention and treatment of a disease occur together when providing care to a patient.
Source: Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 1, p. 17.
3. The ____iceberg____________ Concept is important because in counting incidence and prevalence of disease it is not sufficient to count only clinically apparent cases, but those who are asymptomatic or exposed without infection.
Source: Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 2, p. 21.
4. Please define the
(2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 4, p. 64.
10. Name and define at least two measures of mortality as fractional representations.
Case-Fatality is a measure of mortality and can be calculated as follows:
Case-Fatality (Percent) = Number of individuals dying during a specified period of time after disease onset or diagnosis / Number of individuals with the specified disease X100. In other words, what percentage of people who have a certain disease die within a certain time after their disease was diagnosed?
Source: Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 4, p. 65.
Proportionate Mortality is also a measure of mortality and is defined by using an example.
Proportionate mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the United States in 2010 (percent) = Number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the U.S. in 2010 / total deaths in the U.S. in 2010 x 100. In other words, of all deaths in the United States, what proportion was caused by cardiovascular disease?
Source: Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 4, p.