Describe The Key Structures And Functions Of Eukaryotic Cells

Describe the key structures and functions of a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic Cell

(1)

There are many organelles in the eukaryotic cell micrograph above. Some of these organelles are displayed in the prokaryotic micrograph and so, I have described the shared organelles in the prokaryotic micrograph section.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria cells break down nutrients which then creates energy. They act like a digestive system. This process is called cellular respiration. The mitochondria is the place where most chemical reactions happen. (1) Mitochondria have two membranes. The outer membranes and the inner membrane. The outer membrane holds the organelle in place and the inner membrane is more flexible and bends over
This organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials. (3)Damaged parts and food structures that are eaten by the cell are sent to these organelles, which are turned into building elements such as lipids and carbohydrates.(4) They can be found in cells all over the body with about 50 enzymes each. In animal cells like the picture above, they are usually more round in comparison to a plant cell. Lysosomes also destroy any material that enter the cell and remove any cellular organelles that don’t work.

Smooth ER and rough ER
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, the rough ER and the smooth ER. They both have similar membranes but are presented in different shapes. The smooth ER look more like rods or tubes and the rough ER looks more like disks or sheets. (5) They are called rough and smooth ER because one of them (the rough) has ribosomes attached to its surface which makes it look bumpy. The smooth ER is more of a storage organelle. It stores things like lipids and steroids. The rough ER is more important in the packing of proteins (6). This is the type of ER that has the ribosomes attached to it making it the rough ER.
Nucleolus
The nucleolus is surrounded by the nucleolus. The nucleolus holds a structure of RNA and proteins. It also holds parts of chromosome with genes for the ribosomes. (7)
Like The two-part membrane of the mitochondria, the nucleus also has a double membrane that holds the cells hereditary information and controls its reproduction. The nucleus also stores genetic information which is needed for development. (8)
Golgi vesicles
The Golgi vesicles carry proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell. The vesicles contain enzymes or other substances that have been transported through the rough and smooth ER to the Golgi body. (9)
Golgi apparatus
This organelle is found in most cells and it is a packing organelle like the smooth and rough ER. It gets simple molecules and fuses them together to make more complex molecules. It then either stores them for later use or sends then outward. This also builds lysosomes.