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Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines Have an Impact on the Uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement After the American/Filipino Defeat in 1942?

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Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines Have an Impact on the Uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement After the American/Filipino Defeat in 1942?
Extended Essay:

Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines have an impact on the uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement after the American/Filipino defeat in 1942?

Subject: History

Candidate Number: 004812-013

Candidate Name: Armand Mendoza

Word Count: 3,971

Abstract

This essay focuses on attrocities commited by the Imperial Japanese Army during their occupation of the Philippines and the ramifications of these actions on the Guerilla movement. The Japanese occupied the Philippines from 1942 to 1945 during which time they committed countless attrocities against Filipino combatants and civilians alike. In World War II, there were certain milestones in Philippine history such as the Bataan Death March and other transgressions towards the local populus that are obscured to many people even today. Being a Filipino and having a grandfather who was deeply involved during the Japanese occupation in Zambales, Philippines during World War II, I felt compelled to investigate this period of Philippine History. I scrutinized a variety of sources to help better my understanding of Philippine World War II history, and focused my research question which asks, “Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines have an impact on the uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement after the American/Filipino defeat in 1942?” In researching this topic I found many different resources, both primary and secondary, such as personal interviews, books in university libraries, museums, and online, with the majority being personal accounts of World War II veterans compiled into a novel. Living and growing up in the Philippines was also an advantage as visiting the actual site of the Bataan Death March, reading newspapers in museums written in Filipino, and interviewing Filipino war veterans in my native tongue was a much more feasible task. I hope this paper will give light to the misconduct of the Imperial Japanese Army to some extent, and acknowledge the subsequent



Cited: 1. Jose, Ricardo T. Battle of Bataan: A Primer. Metro Manila: Infinit-1, 2003. 2. Jose, Ricardo T. The Philippine Army, 1935 – 1942 Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1992 3 4. Chang, Iris. Rape of Nanking. United States of America: Basic Books, 1997. 6. Gilpatrick, Kristin. Footprints in Courage. Badger Books Inc., 2002 7 8. Office of the Provost Marshal General. Report on American Prisoners of War interned by the Japanese in the Philippines. November 19, 1945. 9. Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. HarperCollins, 2000 10 11. McArthur, Douglas. The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific: Volume 1 of Reports of General MacArthur. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996. 12 13. Rose, Caroline. Sino-Japanese Relations. RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. 14. Morton, Louis. “The Decision to Withdraw to Bataan” US Army Center of Military History. June 1, 2006. May 2011 15 16. Toshiyuki, Tanaka. Japan’s Comfort Women. Routledge. 2003 17

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