After many attempts within many years, the political and business leaders finally convinced the LA voters about the need to have a rapid rail transit system. They argued that the system was essential for the growth and development of that part of the country because it would reduce pollution and ease the traffic congestion ailed the city. The voters of the city eventually approved a 0.5% sale tax increase for the implementation of the said project. They later on approved an extra 0.5% sale tax increase to expand the project. The first face of the project was completed in 1990, the second one in 1995; but the project hid a financial-slug before the third face could be completed. As a result, the city raised the transportation fee from $1.10 to $1.35 and eliminated the monthly bus passes. The Bus Rider Union association brought a class action suit against the city metropolitan transport service citing discrimination contrary to the provisions of the civil rights act. The latter was grounded on the fact that the transport authority was building a separate expensive transport system for the urban rich. In the preliminary hearing, the judge held that there plaintiffs showed enough cause that warranted the defendant of prove otherwise. The parties, however, entered an agreement that allowed for an increase in bus fare and allowed for advantages to the bus riders. The advantages included monthly passes and reduced crowding in the busses. Those were held to be social needs that were the foundation of the…
When it comes to high-speed transportation the United States falls short compared to the rest of the world. Currently in California there is a need for a mode of transportation that can get passengers around quickly and at a reasonable cost. The ideal mode of transportation to solve the problem would be either a high-speed train or a Hyperloop system. Given the manufacturability, increased efficiency, and reduced costs of the Hyperloop it would be the right choice for California to solve the transportation problem. The introduction of the Hyperloop to California would benefit businesses by allowing their employees to live in an area of lower living costs. Companies would also be able to move packages quickly…
* If the transit authority reduces the fare back to 50 cents, what impact would you expect on the ridership? Why?…
Moore, T. G. (1993). Trucking deregulation. The concise Encyclopedia of economics. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/TruckingDeregulation.html…
California’s burgeoning population and increasingly congested highways and airports demanded new transportation solutions. Highway construction The California High Speed Railway Authority (CHSRA) was created in 1996 to build a high-speed train system connecting California’s major metropolitan areas. By 2000, the authority had developed investment-grade ridership forecasts, revenue, cost and benefit of the system. The high-speed train system will create more economic stimulus and cost less than half as much as the alternative - building more lanes, bridges and ramps along highways; and terminals, gates and run-ways at airports. The Authority’s studies show that the full system, serving 30 stations,…
• Free riding: benefiting from a public good while avoiding the costs of contributing to it.…
This change led to the creation of the United States Highway Trust Fund. “The Highway Trust Fund was expected to collect an estimated $14.8 billion over the program’s 16 year construction period from a three cents per gallon excise tax on gasoline, diesel and special motor fuels; a nine cents per pound excise tax on inner tubes; an eight cents per pound excise tax on automobile tubes; a three cents per pound excise tax on tire retreads; half of the 10 percent manufacturer’s tax on trucks, buses, and truck trailers; and a $1.50 per pound weight fee on trucks and buses, excluding local transit vehicles weighing over 26,000 pounds.” (Dilger, 2003, pgs. 20-21) This tax structure placed the funding of the interstates squarely on the shoulders of the people who use the interstates. A huge benefit of the Highway Trust Fund is that it was designed to raise the funds without the use of tolls. After construction, the public preferred to use the toll free roads that their tax dollars paid for rather than using privately owned toll roads. In the years to come, this led to the closure of numerous tolls roads across the…
Once more, this study aims to improve travel time, increase safety, reduced vehicle operating costs, reduced wait time, reduce access time. These user benefits measure out in various ways. Interestingly, here the approach used is a progressively common one in CBA practice, involving reliance on the ridership models. Also we want to investigate if the typical user benefits analyzed in the context of an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) include improved travel time, increased safety, reduced vehicle operating costs, reduced wait time, and reduced access time. The study also should measure and analyze user benefits involving reliance on the ridership models for air rail…
A free- rider is a person who wants others to pay for a public good and then plan to use the good themselves; if many people act as free riders, the public good may never be provided. The problem with free-rider is when something is offered with no charge, people will demand more of it and later that create a shortage on those resources. An Example of free-riders would be health care, which requires that hospitals provide emergency care to anyone who needs it, regardless of citizenship, legal status or ability to pay, so anyone can get services whether they paid for that service or not. For public goods to be offered tax payer must first pay for the good but many people don’t pay taxes to be using the services it offers, which I can admit…
. These obstacles are things like housing, transportation, and other basic necessities (Ehrenreich 2001). For instance, the working poor often do not have a permanent residence or family to stay with while they save money, and cannot afford a large deposit for an apartment. This means they have to settle with weekly hotel rooms, which end up being more expensive, yet are the only affordable option because they don't require large down payments. Transportation is another common factor; if one is a member of the working poor they likely do not have their own car and have to rely on public transportation. Depending on the location it is do-able, but public transportation in our society is still not widely-available in every city. One study shows…
For many years there has been a debate about providing gas money to college student. Some people think that they should provide gas money to college students while other people thing that they shouldn’t. However, I believe that they should provide gas money to students because some students come from a low income family and they are not able to attend to school.…
No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” (Brainyquote 1) This quote meant a ton at the time and still does to this day. Public transportation had a huge impact on why everyone is equal and should be given the same rights no matter what the race. But sadly public transportation still does have it racism to this day as shown by people who work in the public transportation not the company.…
Gas companies shouldn't raise their taxes based on the need for money for public transportation because many citizens who live in the U.S. use public transportation instead of buying gas. By them not having to buy gas that will cause those who don't use public transportation to be forced to pay for something that they don't use. While doing so those who use the public transportation may reap the benefits of a cheaper bus fare, cheaper gas if needed for the citizens and it may also increase the pay for the public transportation employees.…
In July 2012, the TTC was evaluated and given a disappointing grade by TTCriders Group based on its performance at five aspects. These five aspects are about fares, transit expansion, accessibility, service frequency, and environmental impact (“TTC gets”, 2012). Unlike any other major city in North America, the TTC fares covered 70% of its operating cost, which was the highest fare box ratio within the 11 major North American cities (See Appendix 1). After derailed for 16 months, transit expansion plan finally came back on track, still with concerns about certainty of funds. Due to budget constraints, the target timeline of making all new and existing subway accessible has been pushed back several times from 2020 to 2024, then to 2025. The TTC ridership increased by 12.5% in 2011 while service levels only rose by 8.4%, resulting in insufficient service to connect our neighborhoods. As for the environmental impact, the TTC collected no data for this purpose (“The state,” 2012). All these issues are mainly accounted for prolonged budget deficits, which the TTC has been struggling for many years.…
However, one of the disadvantages is that using public transport is inconvenient. It can be crowded. For instance, there are always too many individuals on the same bus in rush hour. Maybe thieves are on the bus they take. The public transport does not operate 24 hours a day. People have to follow the time table, so they must wait for it. Furthermore, sometimes, it does not travel to the suburbs, so individuals have to walk for a long time to reach the place they want to go. If people have an important work at the suburb, it is inconvenient.…